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Vertebrate Zoology > Lecture 9: Aves (BIRDS) > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Aves (BIRDS) Flashcards

1
Q

The anapsid Testudinate skull is likely:
a) Derived from an Anapsid skull
b) Derived from a Diapsid skull
c) An unchanged primitive amniote skull
d) None of the Above

A

b) derived from a diapsid skull

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2
Q

Which skeletal element in birds prevents the thorax from collapsing during flight?
a) Sternum
b) Gizzard
c) Keel
d) Coracoid
e) None of the above

A

d) Coracoid

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3
Q

Which Subgroup did birds evolve from?
a) Theropods
b) Ornithopoda
c) Crocodyla
d) Sauropodomorpha
e) None of the above

A

a) Theropods

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4
Q

What are the charateristic features of 2nd radiation group from Amniotes: Sauropsida?

A
  • 2 temporal fenestrae (diapsid)
  • diapsid skulls
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5
Q

Dinosaura: AVES (birds)

where did they radiate from/emerge from ?

A
  • Emerged from Dinosaurs
  • Order: Saurischians
  • Suborder:Theropods
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6
Q

Which subgroup of the Dinosaur radiation is indicative of fossil records showing feathers?

A

Subgroup:Theropods
Coelurosaurs

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7
Q

What vertebrate fossil within the Mesozoic era in the Jurassic period is indicative of the transition from non-avian dinosaurs to birds?

A

Archaeopteryx

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8
Q

What features distinguishes an Archaeopteryx from a Pterosaurus?

A
  • Pterosaurs
  • have 4 digits/wing attachements
  • Archaeopteryx
  • have 3 digits
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9
Q

Order: Saurischians
Subgroup:Theropods
Archaeopteryx

A
  • feathered dinosaur
  • antorbital fenestrae
  • diapsid
  • reptilian and avian features
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10
Q

What reptilian features did the Archaeopteryx have?

A
  • Jawed teeth
  • Clawed fingers
  • Keel-less sternum
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11
Q

What avian features did the Archaeopteryx have?

A
  • forelimbs & girdles
  • Furcula- wishbone
  • Coracoid - prevents wings fron crucshing thorax from downstroke flight
  • feathers
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12
Q

True or False?
Feathers evolved before birds from reptilian scales

A

true!
likely 150 mya

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13
Q

Feather Morphology

What part of the feather is known as the rachis?
a) tubular central shaft
b) connected to the shaft
c) feather anchored to the body
d) None of the above

A

a) tubular central shaft

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13
Q

Feather morphology

Vane

A

either side of the rachis

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14
Q

feather morphology

  1. Barbules
  2. Barbs
A
  • interlocking connections in the bars
  • Connected to the shaft
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15
Q

feather morphology

Spathe

A

Rachis + Vane

16
Q

feather morphology

What is the part of the feather that is the quill called?

A

Calamus

17
Q

Feathers made for insulation/ornamentation have

A
  • poorly defined rachis
  • more flexible in structure
  • symmetrical vanes about the rachis
18
Q

Feathers made for flight have

A
  • have a well-defined central shaft
  • left side of vane is lobger than right side
19
Q

Order: Saurischians
Subgroup: Theropods
Anchiorns

A
  • lived 160 MYA
  • chicken-sized
  • flight feathers on forearms
  • Fuzzy coating on body
  • long feathers on hind legs
20
Q

What is another reason why birds have feathers?

A
  1. Thermoregulation
  2. Contouring
    - gliding
    - flight
  3. ornamentation
21
Q

What are the 7 living birds in the class of Aves?

A
  1. ducks
  2. ostriches
  3. flamingoes
  4. pigeons
  5. terns
  6. woodpeckers
  7. songbirds, sparrows
22
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the hip structure of birds in regards to convergent evolution?

A) Birds have hips similar to those of Saurischian dinosaurs.
B) Birds have hips resembling those of Mammalian mammals.
C) Birds have hips resembling those of Ornithischian dinosaurs.
D) Birds have hips that are unique and unrelated to any other group.

A

C) Birds have hips resembling those of Ornithischian dinosaurs.

23
Q

Which of the following adaptations in bird bone structure helps reduce body weight and aids in flight?

A) Marrow-filled bones
B) Solid bones
C) Pneumatic bones
D) Densely mineralized bones
E) Antoribital fenestrae
f) C and E

A

C and E) Pneumatic bones & Antorbital Fenestrae

24
Q

Which of the following is a modern avian adaptation related to digestion?

A) Ingestion of stones to aid in flight
B) Development of teeth in beaks
C) Evolution of a muscular stomach known as a gizzard
D) Loss of feathers for increased aerodynamics

A

C) Evolution of a muscular stomach known as a gizzard

25
Q

Which of the following flightless birds is likely to lack a keel in terms of flight?

A) Ostriches
B) Penguins
C) Emu
D) Chickens

A

B) Penguins
- aids them in swimming locomotion

26
Q

Which of the following reptiles possesses a beak-like structure?

A) Crocodiles
B) Snakes
C) Turtles
D) Lizards

A

C) Turtles

27
Q

Which of the following is an ancient flightless bird known for its terrestrial lifestyle and lack of a keeled sternum?

A) Archaeopteryx
B) Gastornis
C) Ichthyornis
D) Hesperornis

A

B) Gastornis

28
Q

Which of the following birds are examples of powered true flight?

A) Penguins
B) Ostriches
C) Albatross
D) Kiwis

A

c) Albatross

29
Q

What feature distinguishes birds from all other living vertebrates?

A) Feathers
B) Wings
C) Beaks
D) Hollow bones

A

A) Feathers

30
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the Anchiron?

A) Anchiron is a subclass of reptiles known for their massive size and herbivorous diet.
B) Anchiron is an order of flightless birds characterized by their powerful beaks and strong forelimbs.
C) Anchiron is a genus of theropod dinosaurs known for their feathered appearance and bird-like features.
D) Anchiron is a subclass of archosaurs, representing an intermediate stage between reptiles and birds.

A

D) Anchiron is a subclass of archosaurs, representing an intermediate stage between reptiles and birds.

Vertebrate Zoology (9 decks)

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