Lecture 9 Flashcards
bacteria was probably
cyanobacteria-capable of photosynthesis
all eukaryotes have
mitochondria, chloroplasts have dna in them as well
differences in plant cell with mammalian cells
- cell wall-made of cellulose 9sugar) has beta 1,4 glycosidic linkage, we dont process it
- chlorophyll in chloroplast
- vacuoles - storage device (in euk, not supposed to be there, toxic)
chloroplast
3 separate membranes
converts sunlight (antenna complex, transfers energy to reaction center, goes from low to high energy state) outer, inner, and thylakoid membrane.
grana
stack of membranes
starch
sugars, have alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds
matrix in mitochondria
what is in chloroplasts?
stroma
whats in the thylakoid and what does it allow us to do?
thylakoid space and to do another gradient
whats in the matrix which is similar to stroma?
DNA in stroma. originated from bacteria.
there are ribosomes in the chloroplasts for
making proteins
light cycle
captures energy and converts it into usable energy for next step. happens during day
dark cycle (calvin cycle)
carbon fixation step – making glucose. happens anytime. ATP, NADPH, GRADIENT
photon
packet of energy. its a wave.
how is there energy in a wave?
think of ocean. wave length makes a difference.
building of CO2 bc of
fossil fuels, ice melting, cows
carbon fixation equation
- h20 and co2 –> make (CH2O)n + O2
- use energy from light
- making organic compounds requires energy-making covalent bonds
in carbon fixation entropy
goes down so delta G is positive, so its non spontaneous.
photosynthetic electron transfer
light captured by pigment (chlorophyll, green, reflects everything but green).
-transferred from one molecule to next by resonance energy transfer
resonance energy transfer
energy is being transferred. the foot jiggle.
light from sun is going to
drive electron to higher energy state. as we go through line, it will lose less and less energy in the form of heat.
ROYGBIV
visible spectrum shorter wavelength (violet) and longer wavelength (red)
what happens in reaction center?
- Going to split water molecule. Gonna end up with oxygen and H+’s and electrons.
- converts light energy into chemical bonds w energy
- use weak e- donor (water) to create strong e- donor (quinone)
electrochemical gradient
-Energy from light used to create gradient
-Gradient drives ATP synthesis
same ish. we have photosystem 2 that starts process, and photosystem 1. theres plastocyanin. pumps protons in thylakoid space. we have pC molecule (equivalent to cytC).
ATPSynthase faces what?
stroma where C fixation occurs (atp made in stroma)
