Lecture 9

Question 1

What is the incidence of Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury?

Answer 1

1.6-5/1000

Question 2

Define neurotmesis in relation to OBPI

Answer 2

Complete rupture of the nerve, either a bulb or neuroma at the proximal end, limited recovery with surgery usually indicated

Question 3

Define Axonotmesis in relation to OBPI

Answer 3

Axon itself is damaged, overall sheath is intact

Question 4

How fast does an axon regrow?

Answer 4

1mm per day

Question 5

In axonotmesis how long does it take the upper extremity to recover?

Answer 5

3-6 months

Question 6

In axonotmesis how long does it take the lower extremity to recover?

Answer 6

6-9 months

Question 7

Define neurapraxia in relation to OBPI

Answer 7

Stretch injury, everything still intact, always results in full recovery

Question 8

Define Erb’s Palsy

Answer 8

Injury to the C5-C6 nerve roots resulting in weakness or paralysis of - levator scapulae, rhomboids, deltoid, serratus anterior, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, forearm supinator, forearm extensors or the wrist, fingers and thumb

Question 9

Klumpke Paralysis/palsy

Answer 9

Injury to C7, C8, T1, resulting in distal weakness or paralysis of the wrist and finger flexors/extensors and the intrinsic muscles of the hand

Question 10

Erb-Klumpke Paralysis/palsy

Answer 10

Mixed involvement which may include nerve rootlets C5-T1 with resulting muscle weakness or paralysis

Question 11

Name some possible treatments for OBPI

Answer 11

newborns should rest 7-10 days
prevent shoulder subluxation and contractures
positioning programs
ROM
Splinting for elbows, wrist, and fingers
Dynamic weight bearing
Sensorimotor activities
NMES

Question 12

What are the three acquired brain injuries?

Answer 12

1. TBI
2. Near drowning injuries
3. Tumor

Question 13

What percentage of TBI in pre-school children occur due to car accidents?

Answer 13

22%

Question 14

What is the most common mechanism for TBI in infants?

Answer 14

Falls account for 67% of TBI in infants

Question 15

What are the primary injuries resulting in TBI?

Answer 15

Translational - coup & contrecoup lesions

Rotational Injuries produce shearing trauma

Question 16

What are the secondary injuries from TBI?

Answer 16

Epidural Hematomas
Acute Subdural Hematomas
Increased intracranial pressure

Question 17

What is shaken baby syndrome?

Answer 17

Most common cause of death resulting from child abuse

Initial brain injury from hypoxia due to stretch injury to the nerves at the craniocervical junction

Question 18

Define near drowning

Answer 18

An episode in which a person survives a period of underwater submersion resulting in possible cardiac, CNS, and or respiratory and/or respiratory system complications

Question 19

What is the 4th leading cause of fatal injuries in 0-19 year olds?

Answer 19

Near drowning

Question 20

How many children are diagnosed with malignant CNS tumors each year?

Answer 20

2200

Question 21

What percentage do children account for in the 11000 new cases of SCI each year?

Answer 21

<5%