Lecture 9 Flashcards
What is the incidence of Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury?
1.6-5/1000
Define neurotmesis in relation to OBPI
Complete rupture of the nerve, either a bulb or neuroma at the proximal end, limited recovery with surgery usually indicated
Define Axonotmesis in relation to OBPI
Axon itself is damaged, overall sheath is intact
How fast does an axon regrow?
1mm per day
In axonotmesis how long does it take the upper extremity to recover?
3-6 months
In axonotmesis how long does it take the lower extremity to recover?
6-9 months
Define neurapraxia in relation to OBPI
Stretch injury, everything still intact, always results in full recovery
Define Erb’s Palsy
Injury to the C5-C6 nerve roots resulting in weakness or paralysis of - levator scapulae, rhomboids, deltoid, serratus anterior, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, forearm supinator, forearm extensors or the wrist, fingers and thumb
Klumpke Paralysis/palsy
Injury to C7, C8, T1, resulting in distal weakness or paralysis of the wrist and finger flexors/extensors and the intrinsic muscles of the hand
Erb-Klumpke Paralysis/palsy
Mixed involvement which may include nerve rootlets C5-T1 with resulting muscle weakness or paralysis
Name some possible treatments for OBPI
newborns should rest 7-10 days prevent shoulder subluxation and contractures positioning programs ROM Splinting for elbows, wrist, and fingers Dynamic weight bearing Sensorimotor activities NMES
What are the three acquired brain injuries?
- TBI
- Near drowning injuries
- Tumor
What percentage of TBI in pre-school children occur due to car accidents?
22%
What is the most common mechanism for TBI in infants?
Falls account for 67% of TBI in infants
What are the primary injuries resulting in TBI?
Translational - coup & contrecoup lesions
Rotational Injuries produce shearing trauma
What are the secondary injuries from TBI?
Epidural Hematomas
Acute Subdural Hematomas
Increased intracranial pressure
What is shaken baby syndrome?
Most common cause of death resulting from child abuse
Initial brain injury from hypoxia due to stretch injury to the nerves at the craniocervical junction
Define near drowning
An episode in which a person survives a period of underwater submersion resulting in possible cardiac, CNS, and or respiratory and/or respiratory system complications
What is the 4th leading cause of fatal injuries in 0-19 year olds?
Near drowning
How many children are diagnosed with malignant CNS tumors each year?
2200
What percentage do children account for in the 11000 new cases of SCI each year?
<5%
