Lecture 11

Question 1

Define Torticollis

Answer 1

A persistent asymmetrical head positioning in a child, commonly a lateral flexion tilt with rotation to the opposite side AKA “wry neck”

Question 2

Define Plagiocephaly

Answer 2

An asymmetrical alignment of the cranial bones AKA “oblique head”

Question 3

What are the Torticollis subtypes and prevalences?

Answer 3

Sternocleidomastoid Tumor (SMT) 43% - palpable tumor

Muscular Torticollis (MT) 31% - no tumor, limitations in cervical range

Positional Torticollis (POST) 22% - no tumor or range restrictions, alignment issue

Question 4

Name risk factors for Torticollis

Answer 4

Prenatally - first pregnancy, male, multiple gestation

Postnatally - prematurity, assisted delivery, positioning preference, cumulative exposure to supine position, orthopedic or neurologic dysfunction

Question 5

Define Craniosynostosis

Answer 5

A rare congenital defect at birth that causes one or more of the sutures on a babies head to close earlier than normal

Question 6

In what percent of cases are plagiocephaly and torticollis co-morbidities?

Answer 6

80%

Question 7

How often is hip dysplasia found in babies with congenital muscular torticollis?

Answer 7

~10%

Question 8

Define scoliosis

Answer 8

A three dimensional spinal deformity defined by etiology, location, side of convexity, type (structural or non-structural, with or without rotation), and measurement in degrees

Question 9

What should you consider before treating scoliosis?

Answer 9

Skeletal maturity, growth potential, curve magnitude

Question 10

Define Kyphosis

Answer 10

Abnormal posterior convexity

Question 11

How is Kyphosis treated?

Answer 11

Congenital - surgery

Scheuermann’s disease - exercise, possible brace, and surgery

Postural roundback - exercise, possible bracing

Question 12

Define Lordosis

Answer 12

Abnormal anterior convexity

Question 13

What should you rule out when dealing with lordosis?

Answer 13

Spondylosis, spondylolisthesis