Lecture 9

Question 1

subclass of class arachnida

Answer 1

Acari or Acarina

Question 2

three main lineages of mites:

Answer 2

Opiloacariformes

Parasitiformes

Acariformes

Question 3

In arachnids, the first pair of appendages, called ____, is positioned in front of the mouth and is used in feeding.
The second pair of appendages appears behind the mouth and is composed of ____

Answer 3

chelicerae

palps

Question 4

the chelicerae and palps form a structure called the ____.

The body posterior to the it is known as the ____

Answer 4

gnathosoma

idiosoma

Question 5

The idiosoma is further divided into parts:

Answer 5

Podosoma - bears the legs.

Propodosoma - bears the 1st and 2nd leg pairs.

Metapodosoma - bears the 3rd and 4th leg pairs.

Opisthosoma - posterior section behind the legs.

Question 6

The legs are six‐segmented and each
is attached to the podosoma at the
coxa, also known as the ____.

Answer 6

epimere

Question 7

Many mites may have two or more
sclerotised dorsal shields and two or three ventral shields: ____ ____ ____

Answer 7

the sternal, genitoventral and anal shields

Question 8

most primitive, non-parasitic.

Answer 8

Opiloacariformes

Question 9

contains lateral stigmata posterior to the coxae of the second pair of legs

include the ticks (Ixodida / Metastigmata) and gamesid mites (Mesostigmata).

Answer 9

Parasitiformes

Question 10

they do not have visible stigmata; coxae are often fused to the ventral body wall.

include mite‐like mites (Sarcoptiformes & Trombidiformes) often described as the Astigmata and Prostigmata, respectively.

Answer 10

Acariformes

Question 11

The location of stigmata / stigma (respiratory openings) in the body has been used to identify mites.

Order Mesostigmata
located to the ____ pairs of legs.

Order Prostigmata
located at the anterior margin.

Order Astigmata
openings are lacking or hidden.

Answer 11

3rd or 4th

Question 12

The ectoparasitic mites of mammals and birds largely inhabit the skin.

They feed on blood, lymph, skin debris or sebaceous secretions.

Transmission is primarily by physical contact.

Infestation by mites is called ____ and can result in severe dermatitis, known as ____.

Answer 12

acariasis

mange

Question 13

The life cycle of many parasitic species may be
completed in less than __ weeks and in some
species as little as __ days.

Answer 13

4 weeks

8 days

Question 14

Female mites produce relatively large eggs from which a small six legged larva hatches.

The larva molts to become an eight legged nymph. There may be between one to three nymphal stages, known respectively as the ____, ____, ____.

Answer 14

protonymph

deutonymph

tritonymph

Question 15

The order ____ are a large group of mites, the majority of which are predatory, but a small number of species are important as ectoparasites of birds and mammals.

Some species are host‐specific but the majority parasitize a range of hosts.

Answer 15

Mesostigmata (gamesid mites)

Question 16

f a m i l y m a c r o n y s s i d a e

These are relatively large blood sucking ectoparasites of which Ornithonyssus, in ____, and Ophionyssus, in ____, are of veterinary importance.

Only the protonymph and adult stages blood‐feed.

The mites have relatively long legs and can be seen with the naked eye.

Answer 16

birds

reptiles

Question 17

Also called the northern fowl mite.

It is the most important parasite of layers and breeding chickens in the USA.

It occasionally bites mammals, including humans, if the usual hosts are unavailable.

White or off‐white eggs can be seen in the vent area on feather shafts.

Feathers may become matted and scabbing may develop, particularly around the vent.

Infested chickens show a grey–black discoloration of the feathers.

Answer 17

Ornithonyssus sylviarum

Question 18

Also called the tropical fowl mite.

It closely resembles the northern fowl mite in its biology and habits but is found on warmer areas.

Hosts include poultry and sometimes humans.

Answer 18

Ornithonyssus bursa

Question 19

Also called the tropical rat mite.

They can be found and cause skin disease on rats and wild rodents, but also can also infest other mammals

Answer 19

Ornithonyssus bacoti

Question 20

Also called the reptile mite.

They parasitize snakes and lizards.
The mites feed on blood and are found usually on the rim of the eye or beneath scales anterior to the neck.

Heavy infestations are characterized by irritation, listlessness, debilitation, anaemia and death.

Answer 20

Ophionyssus natricis

Question 21

Also called the red mite of poultry / roost mite.

It is one of the most common mites of poultry.

They are called red mites because they appear red when engorged with blood.

Answer 21

Dermanyssus gallinae

Question 22

what spp. is a vector of Borrelia anserina, the cause of avian spirochaetosis.

Answer 22

Dermanyssus gallinae (Order Mesostigmata)

Question 23

Also called the canine nasal mite.

The mites live in the nasal cavity and sinuses of dogs.

It has been associated with head shaking and ‘inverted’ sneezing, as well as with chronic rhinitis, sinusitis and tonsillitis.

Answer 23

Pneumonyssoides caninum

Question 24

Found in the ear canal of cattle -

Found in the ear canal of sheep and goat -

Presence of mites in the ear canal may lead to otitis media and otitis interna, with head shaking, circling and incoordination

Answer 24

Raillietia auris

Raillietia caprae

Question 25

Also called the canary lung mite. It causes pneumonia and inflammation of the respiratory system in caged and wild birds. Usually canaries and gouldian finches. There may be audible dyspnea (high-pitched noises and clicking), sneezing, tail bobbing, and open-mouthed breathing

Answer 25

Sternosoma tracheacolum

Question 26

Also called the spiny rat mite - Also called the poultry litter mite -

Answer 26

Laelaps echidnina Androlaelaps casalis

Question 27

The order ____ is a large and diverse group of mites that usually have a stigmata, which open on the gnathosoma. There are over 50 families, four of which contain species of veterinary importance: Demodicidae, Cheyletiellidae, Trombiculidae and Psorergatidae.

Answer 27

Prostigmata (Trombidiformes)

Question 28

This genus is composed of highly specialized ‘cigar-shaped’ mites that live in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of a wide range of animals, including humans. They are believed to form a group of closely related sibling species which are highly specific to particular hosts. cause a cell‐mediated immunodeficiency that suppresses the normal T‐lymphocyte response

Answer 28

Demodex

Question 29

In cattle and goat, the most important effect of ____ is the formation of many pea‐sized nodules. Each nodule contains caseous material and several thousand mites, which cause hide damage and economic loss.

Answer 29

Demodicosis [Squamous demodicosis, Pustular or follicular demodicosis]

Question 30

The most widely used acarcide against demodicosis is ____.

Answer 30

amitraz

Question 31

what genus? The body of the mite has a ‘waist’ and the palps are greatly enlarged, giving the appearance of an extra pair of legs. The legs terminate in ‘combs’ instead of claws or suckers. walking dandruff mites

Answer 31

Cheyletiella

Question 32

Cheyletiella ____ - infests rabbits. Cheyletiella ____ - infests cats. Cheyletiella ____ - infests dogs. the solenidion, on the first pair of legs is globose in C. parasitivorax conical in C. blakei heart‐shaped in C. yasguri.

Answer 32

Cheyletiella parasitivorax - infests rabbits. Cheyletiella blakei - infests cats. Cheyletiella yasguri - infests dogs.

Question 33

most commonly infests the facial area of cats, causing mild eczema‐like skin conditions and pruritus. It is a characteristic of the dermatitis caused by Cheyletiella that many skin scales are shed into the fur, giving it a powdery or mealy appearance.

Answer 33

Cheyletiella blakei

Question 34

Cheyletiella ____ is capable of transmitting the myxomatosis virus among European rabbits.

Answer 34

parasitivorax

Question 35

Mites of this family are parasitic only at the larval stage, the nymphs and adults being free‐living.

Answer 35

Trombiculidae

Question 36

*Trombicula Larval mites attach themselves to hosts, their salivary secretions then hydrolyzes the cuticle of the host which creates a ____.

Answer 36

stylosome

Question 37

____ - also called the harvest mite. ____ - also called the chigger mite. ____ - also called the scrub itch mite

Answer 37

Trombicula autumnalis - also called the harvest mite. Trombicula alfreddugesi - also called the chigger mite. Trombicula sarcina - also called the scrub itch mite

Question 38

____ - also called the kedani mite. Transmits scrub typhus caused by ____. ____ - also called the turkey chigger

Answer 38

Leptotrombidium akamushi - also called the kedani mite. Transmits scrub typhus caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Neoschongastia americana - also called the turkey chigger

Question 39

____ or the sheep itch mite is most common in fine-wool breeds such as the Merino and Corriedale. Though a non-burrowing mite, Psorobia attacks the skin itself, living in the superficial layers and causing chronic irritation and skin thickening

Answer 39

Psorobia ovis

Question 40

The order ____ are a large group of relatively similar mites. they are all weakly sclerotised; their stigmata and trachea are absent; they breathe directly through the cuticle. This Order includes the families Sarcoptidae, Psoroptidae and Knemidocoptidae (causes mange and scab); Cytoditidae and Laminosioptidae (parasitize muscle and respiratory tract).

Answer 40

Astigmata (Sarcoptiformes)

Question 41

what family? These are burrowing mites with circular bodies flattened ventrally and a cuticle covered with fine striations. The coxae are sunk into the body, creating a ‘short‐leg’ appearance with the third and fourth pairs of legs not usually visible when viewed dorsally

Answer 41

Sarcoptidae

Question 42

Also called the itch mite or scabies mite. This parasite can parasitize all domestic mammals and humans. Compared to other mites, its anus is found posteriorly (instead of in the middle). In both sexes, the pretarsi of the first two pairs of legs bear a sucker‐like pulvillus. It helps the mite grip the substrate as it moves. The 3rd and 4th pairs of legs in the female and the 3rd pair of legs in the male end in long setae and lack pulvilli.

Answer 42

Sarcoptes scabiei

Question 43

Pathogenic Effects of Itch Mites In ____, they prefer to attack its neck and tail. In ____, they attack the face, ears, axilla and groin. In ____, they attack the head (ears) where hair is relatively thin.

Answer 43

cattle sheep pig

Question 44

Mange mites of this genus are found on the ears of mammals. More than 20 species of ____ have been described, most of them being parasites of tropical bats They resemble Sarcoptes but they have a “thumbprint” striations and lack spines.

Answer 44

Notoedres

Question 45

what spp.? ____ typically burrows in the stratum corneum and the stratum basale, occasionally invading hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

Answer 45

Notoedres cati

Question 46

Advanced lesions can give cats a wrinkled thickened skin with hyperkeratinization and hyperpigmentation causing an ‘old age’ appearance

Answer 46

Notoedric Ear Mites

Question 47

This species is also called the guinea pig mite. Its causes similar symptoms with other mange mites and uses ivermectin as treatment.

Answer 47

Trixacarus caviae

Question 48

Also called the scab mite. Mites of this genus are non burrowing. They live on the skin surface. They have pointed mouthparts and three‐jointed pretarsi bearing funnel‐shaped suckers (pulvilli).

Answer 48

Psoroptes

Question 49

When handled, infested sheep may demonstrate a ‘nibble reflex’, characterised by lip smacking and protrusion of the tongue. Others may show epileptiform fits lasting 5 – 10 minutes “ear canker.”

Answer 49

Scab Mites

Question 50

____ mange is the most common form of mange in horses and cattle; it may also be common in goats, llamas and alpacas.

Answer 50

Chorioptic mange

Question 51

Also called the ear mite. Contains the single species, O. cynotis, which parasitizes dogs, cats and other carnivorous animals. They are a common cause of otitis externa, especially in cats but also in dogs. also non-burrowing

Answer 51

Otodectes

Question 52

____ is the only burrowing genus parasitizing domestic birds burrow in the upper layers of the epidermis,

Answer 52

Knemidocoptes

Question 53

Also called the depluming itch mite. This species burrows into the feather shafts, and the intense pain and irritation cause the bird to pull out body feathers. This is known as ‘depluming itch’.

Answer 53

Knemidocoptes gallinae

Question 54

Also called the scaly leg mite. It affects the skin beneath the leg scales, causing the scales to loosen and rise, and giving a ragged appearance to the usually smooth limbs and toes. This mite is common in the Philippines.

Answer 54

Knemidocoptes mutans

Question 55

Also called the scaly face mite. It is common in budgerigars (parakeets) and rare in all other psittacine species. White, porous, proliferative encrustations involving the corners of the mouth, cere, beak are typical. Areas such as vent and feet can be affected.

Answer 55

Knemidocoptes pilae

Question 56

Also called the air sac mite. They can be seen as white spots on the bronchi, lungs, air sacs, and abdominal organs of chickens, turkeys, pheasants, pigeons, canaries, and mallards.

Answer 56

Cytodites nudus