Lecture 3 Flashcards
The Order Hemiptera has 80,000 species of insects under it.
This includes aphids, cicadas, stinkbugs, bedbugs and assassin bugs.
The words hemi means ____ + and pteron means ____
Their forewings have a ____ basal part and a ____ apical portion.
“half”
“wing”
leathery
membranous
2 families under the order hemiptera
Family Cimicidae
Family Reduviidae
Some characteristics of Hemipteran insects:
Their bodies are ____.
They may feed on plants, but some can kill insects and absorb their fluids.
Development is ____ metamorphosis.
Nymphs!
dorso-ventrally flattened
incomplete metamorphosis
what family?
Also called bed bugs
They are small, reddish-brown, wingless insects that are an ____ ectoparasite.
This bug infests people, other mammals, especially bats, and birds around the world.
Family Cimicidae
obligate occasional ectoparasite
Bedbugs are nocturnal, and are excellent at hiding in dark, soft places and crevices.
This makes the ____ an ideal spot for them to settle, hence their name.
The risk of running into bedbugs is higher if you spend time in places where guests come and go often such as hotels, hospitals or shelters.
mattress
Adult bed bugs measure ____ when unfed, with females being slightly larger than males.
They are generally red–brown in color, although they appear darker following a blood meal.
5–7 mm
*Family Cimicidae
what species has broader prothorax
C. lectularius
*Family Cimicidae
what species has longer prothorax
C. hemipterus
Life Cycle of Bed Bugs
Bed bug eggs are laid in cracks and crevices and hatch after ____.
The nymphs will then consume a blood meal and then molt after feeding.
They will molt __ times, with intervals of 3 10 days, each requiring a blood meal.
4–12 days
5 times
Life Cycle of Bed Bugs
These bugs have an unusual way of mating.
The process involves the male stabbing the female with its specialized reproductive organ anywhere in the abdomen.
This process is called ____. Constant mating may hurt the females.
traumatic insemination
Life Cycle of Bed Bugs
The ____ (organ of Berlese) has been found in female bed bugs that appears to have evolved to mitigate the effects of traumatic insemination.
It is visible externally, giving the male a target through which to impale the female. Found on the ____.
spermalege
fourth abdominal sternum
Life Cycle of Bed Bugs
Once the male gametes are inside the female’s body cavity, they travel to the reproductive parts, meet the eggs, and fertilize them.
The male seminal fluid contains ____, ensuring that no pathogens get introduced during the mating.
antimicrobial properties
Pathogenic Effects of Bed Bugs
The primary concern is the disturbance caused by ____.
The bite causes irritation and swelling.
Heavy infestations in poultry houses may result in chronic blood loss and mortality in young birds.
nuisance biting
Control of Bed Bugs
Control is best accomplished by thoroughly cleaning the houses, reducing hiding places for the bedbugs, using heat treatments, and/or fumigating the houses.
Animals may be treated with pour‐on formulations of ____ to repel or kill host‐seeking bugs.
pyrethroid insecticide
what family?
Also called assassin bugs, kissing bugs, or cone-nosed bugs.
Most assassin bugs are predators of crop pests, but a few are blood-sucking.
They are usually generalists, they may prey on aphids, leafhoppers and insect beetle eggs and larvae.
Family Reduviidae
They have a curved, dagger-like mouthpart which is used to kill prey.
An assassin bug will spear its victim, inject ____, and then suck on the prey to feed.
digestive juices
They can bite painlessly enough that when they feed on a sleeping host, it does not wake them up.
Like bed bugs, they hide during the ____ and attack when the host is sleeping at ____.
day
night
assassin bugs, Genera ____, ____, ____
Triatoma
Panstrongylus
Rhodnius
Some species of triatomine bug live in and near human dwellings and poultry houses where they hide in cracks and crevices in the structure.
During the night, they emerge to search for ____ hosts.
warm‐blooded hosts
Life Cycle of Assassin Bugs
Assassin bug females deposit brown, cylindrical eggs in cracks on the ground, on leaves and stems.
Immature nymphs hatch from these eggs within __ weeks and are wingless.
They molt 5 times, with the last instar developing into a winged adult in about __ months.
1-4 weeks
2 months
Pathogenic Effects of Assassin Bugs
When these bugs feel threatened, they can deliver a painful jab, and will also inject venom or digestive juices.
The wounds created are usually seen as ____. Pruritis may be intense.
erythematous papules or wheals
Pathogenic Effects of Assassin Bugs
Triatomines are important vectors of the protozoan ____
This causes Chagas’ disease in humans and a disease of similar pathology in dogs.
As it feeds, the bug defecates and the parasite is transmitted in the feces which is rubbed into the feeding wound or into the eyes or the mouth.
Trypanosoma cruzi
Control of Assassin Bugs
Vector control methods include applying insecticides to eliminate kissing bugs.
Attraction of assassin bugs to houses can be decreased by turning off ____.
outdoor lighting
