Lecture 9 Flashcards
For light to be absorbed, ___ must be present.
pigments
___ within ___ cells are the actual sites of photosynthesis.
chloroplasts, mesophyll
Photosynthetic pigments are ___.
chlorophylls
Pigments other than chlorophylls = ___.
carotenoids
Of the carotenoids, we get orange from ___ and yellow from ___. They’re normally masked by the ___.
carotenes, xanthophylls, chlorophylls
2 stages of photosynthesis occur in chloroplasts: ___ ___ and the ___ ___.
light reactions, Calvin cycle
In the light reactions, ___ ___ are split, releasing ___ and ___.
water molecules, oxygen, electrons
In light reactions, after water molecules are split, the electrons they release are used in a process that results in the formation of 2 energy molecules: ___ and ___.
ATP, NADPH
The Calvin cycle is the ___ phase of photosynthesis, in which ___ is transformed into ___.
biochemical, CO2, sugars
The Calvin cycle doesn’t use light energy directly, but it uses the ___ and ___ produced in the light reactions.
ATP, NADPH
The end product of the Calvin cycle is the formation of a ___ ___ which requires the input of ___ ___ of ___.
six-carbon sugar, 6 molecules, CO2
The carbon dioxide for the ___ ___ enters the leaf by diffusing through the ___.
Calvin cycle, stomata
After being unloaded, sugars are usually converted to ___.
starch
Very few species ___ ___. The only important sources of it are ___ and ___.
store sucrose, sugarcane, sugarbeet
Sugarcane provides over ___ of the world’s sugar supply.
50%
Sugarcanes generally contain ___-___ sucrose.
12-15%
Sugarbeets provide close to ___ of the world’s supply of table sugar.
40%
___ is the most common storage compound. It is an energy ___ for plants and an energy ___ for the animals that feed on those plants.
starch, reserve, source
Aside from starch, plants can also store ___ (___) and ___.
oils, triglycerides, proteins
In cellular respiration, ___ is completely broken down into ___ and ___ through the release of energy in a form usable by cells.
glucose, CO2, water
The 3 steps of cellular respiration are ___, the ___ ___, and the ___ ___ ___.
glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport system
Glycolysis takes place in all cells’ ___. Glucose is broken down into ___ molecules of ___. Then, 10 different reactions lead to an energy yield of ___ ATP and ___ ___.
cytoplasms, 2, pyruvate, 2, 2 NADH
The Krebs cycle takes about ___ steps. ___ ___ from glycolysis is broken down completely into ___. The energy yield is ___ ATP, ___ ___, and ___ ___.
6, pyruvic acid, CO2, 2, 8 NADH, 2 FADH
The electron transport system requires ___ for its reactions. It produces ___ ATP from ___ and ___. It also produces some ___.
oxygen, 32, NADH, FADH, water
Throughout cellular respiration…
___ ATP from glycolysis + ___ from Krebs cycle + ___ from electron transport system = ___ total ATP from each molecule of ___.
2, 2, 32, 36, glucose
In photosynthesis, energy is ___, while in respiration it is ___.
stored, released
The reactants in photosynthesis are ___, ___, and ___.
CO2, energy from the sun, water
The products of photosynthesis are ___ and ___.
glucose, oxygen
The reactants in respiration are ___ and ___.
glucose, oxygen
The products of respiration are ___, ___, and ___ ___.
36 ATP, CO2, water
Complete oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen = ___ ___.
aerobic respiration
Respiration without oxygen = ___ ___ or ___.
anaerobic respiration, fermentation
The 2 types of fermentation are ___ fermentation and ___ ___ fermentation.
alcohol, lactic acid
___ ___ is relevant to yeast, plants, baking, and brewing.
alcohol fermentation
___ ___ ___ is relevant to bacteria, humans, dairy, silage, and pickles. It also is relevant to excessive exercise in that it contributes to muscle fatigue and soreness.
lactic acid fermentation
