Lecture 10 Flashcards
A flower is a ___ ___ with ___ sets of floral organs.
modified branch, 4
The 4 sets of floral organs are (in alphabetical order) ___, ___, ___, and ___.
carpals, petals, sepals, stamens
Floral organs are inserted on the ___, the thickened top of the ___ (the flower stalk).
receptacle, pedicel
Leaf-like structures covering the unopened flower bud; usually green & photosynthetic = ___.
sepals
All of the sepals collectively are referred to as the ___.
calyx
All of the petals collectively are referred to as the ___.
corolla
The calyx (all of the sepals) and the corolla (all of the petals) are together referred to as the ___.
perianth
Male reproductive structure, consisting of pollen-producing anther supported by a filament = ___.
stamen
Pollen producer (making up part of the stamen) with ___ pollen chambers = ___.
4, anther
Supports the anther and makes up part of the stamen = ___.
filament
All of the stamens in a flower are collectively known as the ___.
androecium
A flower can have ___ to ___ carpels.
one, many
Carpels are located in the ___ of the flower.
middle
All the carpels are collectively referred to as the ___.
gynoecium
Carpels consist of the ___, ___, and ___.
ovary, stigma, style
Expanded top of the carpel, modified to trap pollen = ___.
stigma
Neck of the carpel = ___.
style
Expanded basal part of a carpel with one to many ovules (structures that eventually become seeds) = ___.
ovary
Structures that eventually become seeds, stored in the ovary = ___.
ovules
An ovary can have ___ to ___ ovules.
one, many
A gynoecium can have ___ to ___ carpels.
one, many
When many carpels are present, they may be ___ ___ or ___.
fused together, separate
Floral parts in 3s or multiples of 3 = ___.
monocots
Floral parts in 4s or 5s or their multiples = ___.
dicots
Members of the lily family are ___. They have 3 each of petals and sepals, 6 stamens, and 3 fused carpels.
monocots
Crassula is a ___. Each flower has 5 each of sepals, petals, stamens, & partially fused carpels.
dicot
In ___ flowers, the basic pattern of flower structure is changed to where the ___ are brightly colored and identical to the petals. Each of these parts are referred to as ___ in this case.
modified, sepals, tepals
___ flowers have all 4 floral parts. ___ flowers lack any of the 4 structures.
complete, incomplete
In ___ flowers, there are carpels and stamens, but the sepals or petals may be lacking.
perfect
In ___ flowers, there is a lack of either stamens or carpels.
imperfect
Squash, corn, and pecans are examples of ___ plants.
monoecious
Male and female flowers are found on a single individual = ___.
monoecious
Male and female flowers are found on separate individuals = ___.
dioecious
Spinach and date palms are examples of ___ plants.
dioecious
Complete flower head of a plant, including stems, stalks, bracts, and flowers = ___.
inflorescence
Many crops are propogated ___ and are genetically ___.
asexually, identical
In sexual reproduction, the fusion of male and female ___ produces a ___.
gametes, zygote
The zygote receives an equal number of ___ from each ___.
chromosomes, gamete
Gametes are ___, meaning they have ___ ___ of chromosomes.
haploid, one set
Chromosome pairs are known as ___ chromosomes. Each chromosome in one of these pairs is derived from one of the ___ ___.
homologous, haploid gametes
___ reduces the number of chromosomes from ___ to ___. Without it, the number of chromosomes would double with each generation.
Meiosis, diploid, haploid
Meiosis consists of ___ ___ ___.
2 consecutive divisions
Meiosis results in the formation of ___ ___ ___.
4 haploid cells
Phase of meiosis where homologous chromosomes pair up (each member composed of 2 chromatids) = ___.
prophase I
Phase of meiosis where homologous chromosome pairs line up across the cell = ___.
metaphase I
Phase of meiosis where homologous chromosomes separate = ___.
anaphase I
Phase of meiosis where there are finally 2 daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes they started with = ___.
telophase I
Phase of meiosis where chromosomes line up AGAIN = ___.
metaphase II
Phase of meiosis where chromatids separate = ___.
anaphase II
Phase of meiosis where there are now 4 haploid daughter cells from the original diploid parent cell, each with unique genetic combinations = ___.
telophase II
In plants, the products of meiosis are ___ cells called ___.
haploid, spores
The diploid plant that undergoes meiosis to form spores = ___.
sporophyte
Developed from spores, they are haploid plants that produce gametes = ___.
gametophytes
Meiosis occurs in these 2 parts of the flower: ___ (in the ___ ___ of the ___) and ___ (in the ___ ___ of the ___).
stamen, pollen chambers, anther, carpels, developing ovules, ovary
The male gametophyte is known as ___.
pollen
Opening in the integuments that surround the ovule = ___.
micropyle
The mature female gametophyte is known as the ___ ___.
embryo sac
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the ___ to the ___.
anther, stigma
Study of pollen = ___.
palynology
___ of the US population suffers from a pollen allergy.
15%
After fertilization, the ___, ___, and ___ drop off; the ___ greatly expands into a ___; each fertilized ___ becomes a ___; and the ___ of the ovule develop into the ___ ___.
petals, sepals, stamens, ovary, fruit,. ovule, seed, integuments, seed coat
