Lecture 11 Flashcards
Part of sexual reproduction that is unique to angiosperms = ___.
fruit
Fruit develops from a ___ ___.
fertilized ovary
Fruit functions to ___ ___ and help with their ___.
protect seeds, dispersal
Develops from the ovary wall, with varying appearance = ___ ___ or ___.
fruit wall, pericarp
The 3 layers of the fruit wall, or ___, are the ___, ___, and ___.
pericarp, exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp
Form from the ovary of a single carpel or several fused carpels = ___ ___.
simple fruits
___ fruits are usually fleshy and dry.
simple
Often soft and juicy, these fruits use animal consumption to disperse their seeds = ___ ___ fruits.
simple fleshy
Berries, hesperidia, pepos, drupes, and pomes are examples of ___ ___ fruits.
simple fleshy
A berry is a ___ ___ fruit with a thin exocarp, a soft fleshy mesocarp, and an endocarp with one to many seeds.
simple fleshy
Tomatoes, grapes, and dates are all examples of ___, and thus of ___ ___ ___.
berries, simple fleshy fruits
A hesperidium is a ___ (and thus a ___ ___ ___) with a tough leathery rind. Examples are citruses.
berry, simple fleshy fruit
A pepo is a ___ ___ fruit with a tough outer rind that has both receptacle tissue and exocarp. Its mesocarp and endocarp are fleshy.
simple fleshy
All the members of the squash family (e.g. pumpkins, melons, and cucumbers) are ___ and thus also ___ ___ ___.
pepos, simple fleshy fruits
Drupes are ___ ___ fruits with thin exocarps, fleshy mesocarps, and hard stony endocarps that encase the seed.
simple fleshy
Cherries, peaches, plums, walnuts, and pecans are all examples of ___ and thus also of ___ ___ ___.
drupes, simple fleshy fruits
Pomes are ___ ___ fruits that develop from the enlarged base of a flower and fuse to the ___ ___.
simple fleshy, ovary wall
Apples and pears are examples of ___ and thus also of ___ ___ ___.
pomes, simple fleshy fruits
Contain flower parts other than the ovary = ___ ___.
accessory fruits
Pepos and pomes are examples of ___ ___ because they contain flower parts other than the ___.
accessory fruits, ovary
These fruits have pericarps that may be tough and woody or thin and papery = ___ ___ fruits.
simple dry
The two types of simple dry fruits are ___ and ___.
dehiscent, indehiscent
Split open at maturity to release seeds; wind helps disperse the seeds = ___ ___ ___.
dry dehiscent fruits
Dry dehiscent fruits are a subset of ___ ___ fruits.
simple dry
Dry dehiscent fruits that split open along one seam, like magnolia and milkweed = ___.
follicles
Dry dehiscent fruits that split open along 2 seams, like beans and peas = ___.
legumes
Dry dehiscent fruits that split open via several pores or slits, like cotton and poppy = ___.
capsules
___ ___ fruits that do not split open = ___ fruits.
Dry simple, indehiscent
Achenes, samaras, grains, and nuts are all examples of ___ fruits, meaning they don’t split open.
indehiscent
One-seeded fruit where the pericarp is free from the seed, like sunflower “seeds” = ___.
achenes
Winged achenes dispersed by the wind, like the fruit in maple or ash trees = ___.
samaras
Single seeded fruits where the pericarp is fused to the seed coat, like the fruits of any cereal grass (wheat, rice, corn, barley) = ___ or ___.
grains, caryopsis
One-seeded fruits with hard stony pericarps = ___.
nuts
Hazelnuts and chestnuts are ___.
nuts
Walnuts and pecans are ___.
drupes
Peanuts are ___.
seeds
Form from a single flower with many separate carpels = ___ fruits.
aggregate
Raspberries and blackberries are ___ ___.
aggregate fruits
Contain accessory tissue; the “seeds” are separate achenes on an enlarged, fleshy receptacle = ___ fruit.
aggregate-accessory
A strawberry is an ___ fruit.
aggregate-accessory
Form from fusion of ovaries from many separate flowers on an inflorescence = ___ fruits.
multiple
Figs and pineapples are ___ fruits.
multiple
