Lecture 9

Question 1

Summary of Raw Data

Answer 1

-two numerous to be presented usefully
-data is usually summarized using descriptive statistics

Question 2

Descriptive statistics

Answer 2

Used to organize, and present data: displaying averages and error bars

Question 3

Inferential Statistics

Answer 3

Used to help make generalized conclusions about a population based on measurements of a sample: statistical data comparing data from control rats to H.Pylori rats

Question 4

Types of descriptive statistics

Answer 4

Central tendency (arithmetic mean) and dispersion (standard deviation

Question 5

what is dispersion

Answer 5

dispersion of data over a wider range

Question 6

Central tendency

Answer 6

a typical value for a probability distribution

Question 7

Central tendency displays

Answer 7

can be a table or figure (bar graph) trends are usually easier to see in a figure than in a table.

Question 8

figures

Answer 8

facilitate visualization of data trends
reader-friendly and versatile

Question 9

Tables

Answer 9

rows and columns of numbers and/or text
-summarize or lis information to compare among related items
-efficiently present values
-ideal for summarizing or organizing information

Question 10

Rules for a properly formatted table

Answer 10

1) data in columns have the same units, are measuring the same thing and way of analysis
2) columns have clear headings with units, capitilized with standard abbreviatios
3)no units in cells
4) single spaces with spaces between columns
5)Horizontal lines only above and below heading - no boxes lines around cells
6)centre align numbers
7) use significant figures
8) number tables
9) Titles and legends
10) footnotes can be used under bottom horizontal line of the tabe

Question 11

table and figure legends

Answer 11

must provide a full explanation of what is presented in your table or figure; allows them to be self sufficient. Explain what the table or figure is intended to communicate

Question 12

Table legends

Answer 12

go above tables, use hanging paragra

Question 13

figure legends

Answer 13

go below the figure use hanging paragraph

Question 14

what to include in legends

Answer 14

-broad statement of what it’s about
- if applicable, information of statistics or data display
- information on units
- information on locations and dates
- n or number of experimental replicates

Question 15

referring to tables in the text
3 ways

Answer 15

• parenthetic, accompanies the sentence (in parentheses), rather than be apart of it
  -As part of a sentence (rare)
• abrreviated (in figures)