Lecture 3 Flashcards
Why use external sources
new scientific results must be framed within the existing body of knowledge
-provide background and rationale
-support for findings and interpretations
-Provide different points of view
What is your source
in scientific communication any statement or assertion must be supported by data or an external source
External supporting sources listed in a
Literature cited or a references section
Ways of using external sources
Quotation, paraphrasing, summarizing
Other information that should be referenced
-specific data or statistics
-visuals or tables from another work
-techniques used
-specialist knowledge
-Ideas or Opinions that are not your own
How to give proper credit to your sources
In-text citations
list all works cited in the appropriate section (literature cited
what is common knowledge
Information that the average, educated reader would accept as reliable without having to look it up
Easiest benchmark to use as an undergraduate
Is the information so widely know that there is no clear source
In text citations
Name-Year
1 author
Last name, year
2 author
first author’s last name, second author last name, year
> 3 authors
first author last name et al., year
Variations of in-text citations
you can insert the citation after the statement or make the citation authors a subject within the sentence
citation after the statement
UPEI kind of sucks ass (Smith, 2024)
Author as Subject
Smith (2024) identified UPEI as a sucky ass school
Council of Science Editors
Commonly used in the biological and life sciences , uses name-year system for in-text citations
CSE Style
Author(s). Year of Publication. Article title. Volume(Issue): Page numbers or DOI.
Unique identifying information
typically found on the first page
Notes regarding authorship
never change the order of the authors, first author are usually trainees who did the work and last name is the senior scientist who planned, organized and oversaw the work
Literature Cited section
Include only references you cited, in alphabetical order by the last names of the first authors the chronological
Citing generative AI
“text prompt”. ChatGPT, Version, OpenAI, Day Month Year, chat.openai.com.
