lecture 9

Question 1

2 Myths about Islam:

Answer 1

all Muslims are middle eastern

islam is a violent religion that supports terroism

Question 2

Post 9/11: signifigant increase in the

Answer 2

monitoring and surveillance of Muslim Canadians by law enforcement authorities

Question 3

What happened to the afzaal family

Answer 3

Truck attack which killed 4 people

people were guilty of first degree murder

Question 4

Research objectives

Answer 4

What are Muslim Canadian youth’s perceptions, experiences, and attitudes toward law enforcement authorities in the wake of the ongoing global war on terror?

What factors determine their willingness to cooperate in general crime control and counterterrorism efforts?

Question 5

UN defines youth as those persons between the ages of

Answer 5

15-24

Question 6

Arnet contradicts the un saying that those 18-25 do not fit the essential criteria for adulthood. what proof did he have

Answer 6

brain dosent fully develop until 25 years

Question 7

Why focus on youth: stereotypyed as having a…

Answer 7

“natural inclination to irrationality

Question 8

why focus on youth: often perceived as

Answer 8

victims of social alienation and psychological vulnerabilities

Question 9

Procedural justice theory:

Answer 9

When citizens perceive policing procedures as fair, this leads to more favourability and cooperative intentions towards police

Question 10

What are the 4 elements of police fairness

Answer 10

Quality of decision-making (evidence-based)
Quality of treatment
Trustworthiness
Voice

Question 11

Methods in the study examing procedural justice system

Answer 11

10 semi-structured interviews
18 - 25 years
6 female, 4 male
Diverse sample

Question 12

Interview guide: 2 topics

Answer 12

perceptions of law attitudes and cooperative willingness to

Question 13

perceptions of law attitudes asked questions about 2 types of experiences

Answer 13

direct experiences and vicarious experiences

Question 14

Cooperative willingness to report: (3)

Answer 14

Report general crime
Report anti-Muslim hate-crime
Report potential terror threat

Question 15

Results: lack of confidence

Answer 15

lack of confidence in police efforts to combat crime

• police unfairly target Muslim communities

Question 16

Lack of confidence: Anti musclim hate crim- many reported direct/vicarious victimization examples:

Answer 16

parents told to go back to their country

Question 17

lack of confidence: fear reflected in various behaviours:

Answer 17

Trying to conceal Muslim identity

Avoidance of mosques following trigger events

Question 18

theme 2: perceived discrimination- unanimous agreement of

Answer 18

procedural injustice against Muslims (discrete and overt)

Question 19

percieved discrimination (procedural injustice): vicarious example

Answer 19

female family members with religious garments being stopped at the airport

Question 20

percieved discrimination (procedural injustice): direct example

Answer 20

surrendering gym bag due to suspicions of carrying a weapon

Question 21

in relation to the Quebec mosque shooting: white terrorism vs Muslim terrorism

Answer 21

white terroists viewed as mentally ill

brown terroist lead to whole religion as causing an attack

Question 22

theme 3: positivity toward law authorities

Answer 22

Majority shared positive sentiments (inaddition to negative)

participants compartmentalized their evaluations of authorities

minimized discrimination

Question 23

theme 4: need for

Answer 23

relationship building for police and Muslims

Question 24

relation-building needed examples

Answer 24

more discussion needed

police should be dispatched to protect Muslims during their religious holidays

Question 25

Participants were more likely to report what crime

Answer 25

terror-risks

Question 26

Main factor that encouraged cooperative willingness

Answer 26

moral obligation

Question 27

how did moral obligation make them more likely to report stuff:

Answer 27

willingness was shaped by moral standards

willingness was affected by desire to obliterate racial biases in justice system

Question 28

main factor that discouraged cooperative willingness

Answer 28

Distrust of authorities

Question 29

distrust of authorities involves

Answer 29

Fears of being manipulated, stereotyped, falsely accused by authorities

Question 30

Theoretical implications:

Answer 30

While procedural injustice may be linked with reduced cooperation, it can also enhance it

Question 31

practical implications:

Answer 31

Procedurally just policing tactics are crucial for gaining trust and cooperation from the Muslim community

Question 32

In the an article discussing black/interracial people of colors youth mental health baig discusses being vocal on

Answer 32

TikTok and normalizing discussing mental health online.

Question 33

What is the respect model: designed for

Answer 33

Designed for healthcare professionals
E.g., treating an ethnic/racial minority youth for a mental health disorder

Question 34

using respect model helps reinforce

Answer 34

culturally responsive attitudes and behaviours

Question 35

Respect stands for

Answer 35

respect, explanatory model, sociocultural context, power, empathy, concerns and fear, trust

Question 36

Respect entails

Answer 36

Show respect for cultural differences
Understand how respect is shown within different cultural groups
Verbal & non-verbal

Question 37

Explanatory model aspects:

Answer 37

Listen to client’s explanations for their own problems

How similar or different are these perspectives than the healthcare practitioner’s?

Question 38

Sociocultural context:

Answer 38

How do class, race, ethnicity, gender, education, SES, immigrant status, etc. affect care?

Question 39

Empathy expresses

Answer 39

Express the significance of each patient’s feelings so they feel understood (verbally & non-verbally)

Question 40

concerns and fears: ask the pattient about

Answer 40

Ask the patient about any concerns or apprehensions they might have regarding their treatment

Question 41

Trust aspects:

Answer 41

Recognize that trust is not inherent but must be earned
Commit to behaviours that enhance trust