Lecture 9

Question 1

What is the main psychoactive drug in tobacco?

Answer 1

Nicotine

Question 2

What is nicotine responsible for?

Answer 2

For reinforcing the addictive properties of tobacco tar

Question 3

What is tar

Answer 3

Anything that is other than the nicotine or water, contains more than 4000 chemicals with carcinogenic effects

Question 4

How does nicotine cause lung cancer

Answer 4

Nicotine attachs to certain receptors in lungs, causing lunc cancer, and pure nicotine is reinforcing

Question 5

Why are E-cigs safer

Answer 5

They don’t have tar but not 100% safe because nicotine itself is carcinogenic

Question 6

What is carbon monoxide

Answer 6

Product of tobacco burning

Question 7

What happens if you increase nicotine dose per cig

Answer 7

Decreases smoking

Question 8

What happens if you decrease nicotine dose per cig

Answer 8

Increases smoking

Question 9

What is Nesbitt’s paradox?

Answer 9

Nicotine, although a stimulant, produces relaxation

Question 10

Behavioral effects of nicotine

Answer 10

Mild euphoria, psychostimulant, anti-anxiety, muscle relaxation, analgesic, and reduces appatite

Question 11

Smoking patterns

Answer 11

People usually start as chippers, recreational and borrowing from friends (less than 5 a day). Then becomes dependent and smoke more than 20 in a day. People who grew up in smoking household are more likely to smoke

Question 12

Stages of Tobacco Addiction

Answer 12

Psychosocial, Pleasurable, Negative Reinforcement “Hooked”

Question 13

Stage 1 of Tobacco Addiction

Answer 13

Psychosocial-Try it with friends, people want to show off that theyre cool and a rebel

Question 14

Stage 2 of Tobacco Addiction

Answer 14

Pleasurable-As you continue to smoke, develop tolerance, smoking starts to feel good

Question 15

Stage 3 of Tobacco Addiction

Answer 15

Hooked-if you stop smoking you develop aversive symptoms, stress, anxiety, irritability, and smoke to feel better

Question 16

Withdrawal Symptoms

Answer 16

Very intense craving for a cigarette if first reason, can return even years after you’ve stopped smoking. Anxietry and stress is 2nd biggest reason to relapse

Question 17

Reasons for relapse

Answer 17

Craving > Stress > Weight Gain > Increased Appetite > Lack of Energy

Question 18

What is Zyban

Answer 18

Anti-smoking drug (Anti-depressant), works by keeping certain neurotransmitters within the synapse and prevents their reuptake by neurons. Results in dopamine being more in the system

Question 19

What is Chantix

Answer 19

Anti-smoking drug, partial agonist, means that when the drug attaches to receptor, it only partially activates, calm a system that is overactivated while bring more activity to an underactive system. Blocks reinforcing effects and withdrawal

Question 20

What are some potential medical uses of nicotine

Answer 20

Nicotine seems to improve condition of Alzheimer’s patients and reduces the risk of developing Alzheimer. Shown to improve cognition, is analgesic, and can also decrease appetitie