Lecture 6 Flashcards
What are the first and second most used psychoactive drug in the world
- Caffeine 2. Alcohol
Current Use
At least one drink in the past 30 days (includes binge and heavy use)
Binge Use
Five or more drinks on the same occasion at least once in the past 30 days. A pattern of drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration to 0.08 gm% or above. Fore the typical adult this pattern corresponds to about 5+ drinks for males and 4+ drinks for females, WITHIN 2 HOURS
Heavy Use
Fire or more drinks on the same occasion on at least five different days in the past 30 days
Drink
A 12-ounce can or bottle of beer or wine cooler, a 5-ounce glass of wine, or 1.5-ounces of 80 proof (40% alcohol) distilled spirits
200 proof
100% alcohol
What is Fermentation
The first process by which alcohol is made
What is Blood Alcohol Level
Grams of alcohol found in 100 ml in person’s blood. Legal cutoff is 0.08 grams/100 ml. 0.08 grams in 100 ml x 1000 = 80 mg % = 0.08 g %
How many drinks do girls need to have over 0.08%
2 drinks on empty stomach
How many drinks do guys need to have over 0.08%
3-4 drinks on empty stomach
Why do girls require less drinks
Females break down alcohol more slowly than males, because they have less of enzyme that breaks down alcohol
Describe Alcohol Absorption
20% is quickly absorbed by the body directly across the walls of an empty stomach. Can also be absorbed and expelled through the lungs Maximum blood concentration within 30 to 90 minutes. Can readily cross the blood-brain barrier and placenta to fetus
Where is 5-10% of alcohol released
Breath and Urine
Describe the breakdown of alcohol
Breakdown mostly done by liver (90%) and is 0th order kinetics (0.01% grams percent broken down per hour) constant amount eliminated over time
Enzyme used in alcohol breakdown
Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase - in the stomach and liver, takes the acetaldehyde and breaks it down
What is disulfiram
A drug that inhibits ALDH, when you drink your body can’t breakdown the alcohol and you have a terrible reaction (headache, nauseous, flushing) a punishment for drinking alcohol
Behavioral Effects at 0.05g%
Euphoria, personality changes, social lubricant, release of inhibitions
Behavioral Effects at 0.08g%
More outgoing, more likely to interact with others (becomes more dramatic), motor impairment, “binge” to reach this level 4 = female and 5 = male
Behavioral Effects at 0.20g%
Ataxia = inability to move, decreased motor, sensory, pain, and blackouts
Behavioral Effects at 0.30g%
Stuporous but conscious
Behavioral Effects at 0.40-0.50g%
Unconcious, lethal dose = 50%
What is a Blackout
Loss of memory for events that took place while intoxicated, not loss of consciousness, not permanent memory loss, represent a “gap in the tape”
What are the two types of Alcohol Tolerance
Dispositional (Metabolic) and Pharmacodynamic (Functional) Tolerance
What is Dispositional Tolerance
The physical removal of alcohol from bloodstream, induces ALDH, An alcoholic can metabolize twice as much alcohol
What is Pharmacodynamic Tolerance
Neurodaptive response on the brain, means the brain and respiratory system has reacted in such a way that it combats the action of alcohol, takes more to slow the respiratory drive (NOT metabolic tolerance)
What is Behavioral Tolerance
Form of pharmacodynamic tolerance, hypothesized to be a learned response (learning to drive while intoxicated), trained body
What are some health consequences of alcohol abuse
Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, impaired immune system, malnutrition, and reproductive problems
