Lecture 9

Question 1

Preload?

Answer 1

Volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole (end diastolic pressure)

Question 2

Preload is increased in?

Answer 2

1) Hypervolemia (increased volume)
2) Regurgitation of cardiac valves (blood pumped back into ventricle because valve reopens)
3) Heart Failure (decrease in CO, increase venous blood system –> increased EDV)

Question 3

Afterload?

Answer 3

Resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood

Question 4

Afterload is increased in?

Answer 4

1) Hypertension (increased MAP)
2) Vasoconstriction (increased TPR) (stenotic aortic valve –> aortic valve non-functioning)
(Increased Afterload = Increased Cardiac Workload) (Increased energy usage)

Question 5

(Effect of Preload on CO/SV)
Increasing preload increases?

Answer 5

Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output

Question 6

Increased EDV = Increased contractile force = ?

Answer 6

Increased CO

Question 7

(Effect of Preload on CO/SV)
Decreasing preload decreases?

Answer 7

Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output

Question 8

(Effect of Afterload on CO/SV)
Increasing afterload decreases?

Answer 8

Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output

Question 9

(Effect of Afterload on CO/SV)
Decreasing afterload increases?

Answer 9

Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output

Question 10

Rate of Blood leaving the Central Venous Pool of Blood?

Answer 10

Cardiac Output

Question 11

Rate of Blood entering the Central Venous Pool of Blood?

Answer 11

Venous Return

Question 12

Venous Compliance?

Answer 12

Increased compliance and most blood volume

Question 13

Pressure most change because venous and arterial compartments have?

Answer 13

Different blood volumes and vessel properties

Question 14

Both arterial and venous pressures are effected by?

Answer 14

Cardiac Output, Arterial Pressure more so because of high peripheral resistance (Pa = CO x TPR)

Question 15

Increases in Cardiac Output, increase?

Answer 15

Arterial Pressure and decrease Venous Pressure, caused by redistribution of blood volume

Question 16

In myocardial damage, reduced cardiac output results in?

Answer 16

Reduced arterial pressure and increased venous pressure (pooling of venous blood)