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Block 1: Physiology > Lecture 1 (Revised) > Flashcards

Lecture 1 (Revised) Flashcards

1
Q

Most Blood Volume is in?

A

Veins

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2
Q

Blood Velocity is Lowest in?

A

Capillaries

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3
Q

Capillary Beds Constitute Highest?

A

Surface Area

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4
Q

Circulatory System?

A

(Cardiovascular System)
A network composed of the Heart as a centralized pump, blood vessels that distribute blood throughout the body, and the blood itself

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5
Q

Arteries are?

A

Away from the Heart

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6
Q

Veins are?

A

Toward the Heart

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7
Q

Circulatory Functions?

A

1) Transport essential substances to tissues (a lot of oxygen)
2) Remove metabolic waste products (remove CO2)
3) Homeostasis

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8
Q

Blood Flow?

A

IVC + SVC –> RA –> RV –> PA –> Lungs (oxygenated) –> PV –> LA –> LV –> Aorta

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9
Q

Systole?

A

When Heart contracts to pump blood out

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10
Q

Diastole?

A

When Heart relaxes after contraction and is filled with returning blood

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11
Q

Arterioles?

A

-Regulate Blood Pressure and Blood Flow
-Largest drop in pressure

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12
Q

Smaller arteries have a lot more?

A

Smooth Muscle

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13
Q

Aorta’s job is?

A

Distribution, uses elastic tissue to pump it far

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14
Q

82% of all Blood?

A

Systemic Circulation

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15
Q

64% of all Blood?

A

Blood Reservoir

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16
Q

When blood gets to Arterioles it?

A

Decreases a lot

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17
Q

When blood gets to capillaries and veins?

A

It doesn’t have a pulse anymore

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18
Q

Mean Blood Pressure is similar throughout?

A

Aorta and Large Arteries

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19
Q

Cross-Sectional Area is inversely proportional to?

A

Velocity

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20
Q

Resistance is determined by?

A

Tube radius and length and fluid viscosity

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21
Q

Decrease radius of Arterioles?

A

Increase resistance

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22
Q

Pressure downstream is?

A

Lower than Pressure upstream

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23
Q

If Pressure is increased?

A

Flow is increased

24
Q

Capillaries basically work as?

A

Resistors

25
Q

Laminar Flow?

A

-Linear
-Energy efficient

26
Q

Turbulent Flow?

A

-Irregular, turbulent flow
-More energy required
-Harmful to vessel wall

27
Q

Hematocrit (Blood Composition)?

A

(45%) Portion of Blood that contains Red Blood Cells

28
Q

By lowering Hematocrit?

A

Lower resistance to flow and it flows faster

29
Q

2 Loops of Circulatory System?

A

1) Shorter (O2/CO2 exchange)
2) Longer (Distribution of Blood throughout body)

30
Q

Increase in CO2, Decrease in O2?

A

Pulmonary Arteries

31
Q

Increase in O2, Decrease in CO2?

A

Pulmonary Veins

32
Q

Diastole and Systole you can think as one?

A

Heart Beat

33
Q

Respiratory (Blood Function)?

A

-Transport O2 from lungs to tissues
-Transport CO2 from tissues to lungs

34
Q

Nutrition (Blood Function)?

A

Transport “food” from gut to tissues (cells)

35
Q

Excretory (Blood Function)?

A

Transport waste from tissues to kidney and skin (urea, uric acid, water)

36
Q

Regulatory (Blood Functions)?

A

-Water content of tissues
-Water exchanged through vessel walls to tissue

37
Q

Body Temperature Protective (Blood Functions)?

A

Antibodies, antitoxins, WBCs

38
Q

Coagulation (Blood Functions)?

A

Blood Coagulation (Ex. fibrinogen)

39
Q

Albumins (Blood Protein)?

A

(57%)Maintain hydrostatic

40
Q

Globulins (Blood Protein)?

A

(38%) Immune System

41
Q

Fibrinogen (Blood Protein)?

A

(4%) Blood Coagulation

42
Q

Blood Reserve allows?

A

Control of blood volume and makes up for fact that capillaries are not always open

43
Q

Pulse is ___ - ____?

A

Systole - Diastole

44
Q

If you increase velocity and increases cross-sectional area?

A

There is more time for exchange

44
Q

If you increase velocity and increases cross-sectional area?

A

There is more time for exchange

45
Q

Don’t want blood to move to fast because?

A

Need time to exchange processes

46
Q

Don’t want blood to move to fast because?

A

Need time to exchange processes

47
Q

If you decrease a tube radius, increase?

A

Resistance a lot

48
Q

Blood flow is controlled primarily by?

A

Regulating vessel radius

49
Q

Parallel?

A

-2 paths they can choose
-Add more capillaries (work as resistors) (not much change)
-Greatly reduces resistance to blood flow (more parallel circuits, less total resistance)

50
Q

Series?

A

-No change in path, they just go straight through
-Add them up
-BP decreases downstream

51
Q

When a given area of vasculature is contracted?

A

Upstream pressures are increased and downstream pressures are decreased, as well as blood flow is decreased

52
Q

When there are a lot of Parallel Vessels, changing the resistance of a small number of these vessels will have?

A

A minimal effect of Total Resistance

53
Q

Blood viscosity changes depending on?

A

Tubing dimensions and hematocrit

54
Q

Flow and Viscosity are?

A

Inversely related

55
Q

If you decrease viscosity?

A

Increase flow (lower resistance to flow)

56
Q

If you decrease hematocrit?

A

Increase flow (can flow faster and in center of vessel)

Block 1: Physiology (10 decks)

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