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Block 1: Physiology > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are Blood Vessels for?

A

Delivery of Nutrients, Removal of Wastes

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2
Q

How do Blood Vessels deliver nutrients to tissues?

A

Microvascular exchange, a consequence of vessel permeability

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3
Q

Capillary Beds constitute highest?

A

Surface Area

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4
Q

Blood Velocity is lowest in?

A

Capillaries

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5
Q

Capillaries are known as?

A

Exchange Vessels

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6
Q

Most Blood Volume is in?

A

Veins

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7
Q

Veins are known as?

A

Capacitance Vessels

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8
Q

Arterioles are known as?

A

Resistance Vessels

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9
Q

What do Arterioles do?

A

-Regulate systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
-Control SVR and Blood Flow to tissues

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10
Q

Arterioles are mostly made of?

A

Smooth Muscle

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11
Q

Smooth muscle cells regulate Arteriole vessel?

A

Diameter, to keep vascular tone

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12
Q

Electromechanical Coupling is?

A

Neuron Response from Brain

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13
Q

Pharmacomechanical Coupling is?

A

From Drugs

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14
Q

Sympathetic NS?

A

-NE (Nerepinephrine) is neurotransmitter
-GPCR + IP3, release from SR
-Very common in system
-Vascular Smooth Muscle

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15
Q

Parasympathetic NS?

A

-Acetylcholine
-Bind to Muscarinic receptor (GPCR)
-cGMP dilates smooth muscle

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16
Q

Add NE, Endothelial Regulation of Arteriolar Tone?

A

Increased so Vessel Constricted

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17
Q

Add Acetylcholine, Endothelial Regulation of Arteriolar Tone?

A

It dilated

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18
Q

Cannot dilate if?

A

There is no Endothelial Cells

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19
Q

Autoregulation of Blood Flow (Myogenic Response)?

A

Vascular smooth muscle contracts in response to an increase in pressure, to prevent too much blood from rushing in (mostly in Arterioles)

20
Q

Myogenic Response is due to?

A

Smooth Muscle Cells

21
Q

Active Hyperemia?

A

Increased metabolic activity leading to vasodilation and increase blood flow (hyperemia) (ex. working out)

22
Q

Reactive Hyperemia?

A

Ischemia also creates a buildup of metabolic waste products that induce reactive hyperemia once blood flow is reestablish (ex. tree falls on arm)

23
Q

Ischemia?

A

An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of body

24
Q

Active Hyperemia with eating?

A

Resistance decreases so we can increase blood flow to the stomach to digest the food

25
Q

Ischemia is a decrease in oxygen so you will have an?

A

Increase in Lactate, PC, and Adenosine and byproduct of using ATP and leads to Vasodilators

26
Q

Autoregulation Metabolic Hypothesis?

A

Vasodilation Only (explains changes when blood flow is interrupted)

27
Q

Flow-Induced Vasodilation?

A

Increase flow without changing Pressure (maintaining pressure)

28
Q

Endothelial Regulation of Blood Flow?

A

Endothelium is a mechanosensor and stimulates vasodilation in response to an increase in flow by producing NO

29
Q

Response to Pressure is Intrinsic to?

A

Vascular Smooth Muscle (Myogenic Response)

30
Q

Response to flow is sensed by?

A

Endothelium

31
Q

Blood Capillaries?

A

-Main Site for Exchange
-Single layer of endothelial cell
-Huge Surface Area
-Low flow velocity
-Cannot dilate
-Can’t control blood pressure

32
Q

Are Blood Capillaries permeable?

A

Yes

33
Q

Continuous Capillary?

A

-Similar to BBB (very strict)
-Cell-Cell Junctions
-Fluid and Proteins

34
Q

Types of Capillaries?

A

-Continuous
-Fenestrated
-Sinusoidal

35
Q

Fenestrated Capillary?

A

-Most common
-Very leaky
-Has holes
-Fenestrae
-Only fluid

36
Q

Sinusoidal Capillary?

A

-No basement membrane
-Lot of big holes and gaps
-Caveolae
-Mostly in Spleen and Liver
-Capillaries are very open

37
Q

4 R’s of Inflammation?

A

-Tumor= Swelling (increases permeability to leukocytes)
-Rubor= Redness (increases vasodilation and blood flow)
-Calor= Heat (increases vasodilation and blood flow)
-Dolor= Pain (swelling and histamines)

38
Q

How Does Stuff Get Out of Capillaries?

A

-Convection
-Diffusion

39
Q

Convection of Capillaries?

A

Like filtration (solutes follow water) based on high hydrostatic pressure in capillaries forces water across endothelium

40
Q

2) Diffusion of Capillaries?

A

Like Osmosis (water follows solutes) solutes move across semi-permeable endothelium according to concentration gradient

41
Q

Lymphatic System dumps into?

A

Left Subclavian Vein

42
Q

Lymphatics do what with fluid?

A

Remove fluid

43
Q

Removal of Excess Fluid from Tissues starts at?

A

Blind-ended sacs and pushes to lymph node

44
Q

Lymphatic Vessels prevent?

A

Edema

45
Q

Edema?

A

Build up of fluid in tissues

46
Q

Largest lymphatic in the body?

A

Thoracic duct, empties all lymph into left subclavian vein

Block 1: Physiology (10 decks)

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