Lecture 8- The vascular system

Question 1

Arterioles have smooth muscle cells that can… or..

Answer 1

vasodilate

vasoconstrict

Question 2

What regulates the smooth muscles to constrict or relax?

Answer 2

local controls

extrinsic controls

Question 3

2 organs that have local control

Answer 3

heart and brain
(also WORKING skeletal muscle)

(the rest are extrinsic control)

Question 4

Local control when there is a change in metabolic activity is also called …. and the 4 steps to this that cause vasodilation are…

Answer 4

active hyperemia

1. increase metabolic activity
2. decrease O2, increase metabolites in organ interstitial fluid
3. arteriolar dilation in organ
4. increase blood flow to organ

Question 5

The 4 steps active hyperemia that cause vasoconstriction

Answer 5

1. decrease metabolite activity
2. increase O2, decrease metabolites
3. arteriolar constriction in organ
4. decrease lood flow to organ

Question 6

The 4 steps of flow auto regulation that results in vasodilation

Answer 6

1. decrease MAP
2. Decrease blood flow to organ
3. increase metabolites, decrease O2 and vessel-wall stretch
4. arteriolar vasodilation/ restore normal flow

Question 7

The 4 steps of flow auto regulation that cause vasoconstriction

Answer 7

1. increase MAP
2. increase blood flow to organ
3. increase O2, decrease metabolites, increase vessel wall stretch
4. vasoconstriction

Question 8

active hyperemia is when theres a change in …. and flow autoreglation is when theres no change in…

Answer 8

metabolic activity

Question 9

sympathetic stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors causes …

Answer 9

vasocontriction to reduce blood flow

Question 10

capillary walls are a …. cell in thickness

Answer 10

single endothelial

Question 11

The capillary is the primary point exchange between the blood and the …

… assist in exchange

Answer 11

interstitial fluid

intercellular clefts

Question 12

… is movement of fluid and solutes out of the blood

Answer 12

filtration

Question 13

…. is movement of fluid and solutes into the blood

Answer 13

absorption

Question 14

2 factors that determine fluid movement across capillaries

Answer 14

hydrostatic pressure

oncotic pressure

Question 15

hydrostatic pressure will favor… and oncotic pressure will favor…

Answer 15

filtration (movement out of capillary)

absorption (movement into capillary)

Question 16

3 alterations in venous return that can increase EDV which will directly increase SV and CO

Answer 16

1. increase blood volume (water retention or increase absorption/decrease filtration)
2. skeletal muscle pump
3. sympathetic innervation (alpha, venoconstriction)

Question 17

blockage in lymphatics will cause

Answer 17

edema