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AU2017 Physio Exam 2 > Lecture 4- Reproductive endocrinology > Flashcards

Lecture 4- Reproductive endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

… converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone

A

5 alpha reductase

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2
Q

3 major classes of sex steroids, they differ with respect to the number of carbons they contain…

A
  1. pregnanes (21C)
  2. androgens (19C)
  3. estrogens (18C)
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3
Q

… converts testosterone to estradiol

A

aromatase

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4
Q

GnRH secretion from the hypothalamus is … due to the activity of pacemaker neurons that spontaneously produce action potentials resulting in secretory bursts of GnRH

A

pulsatile

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5
Q

… is more potent than DHEA and androstendione

A

testosterone

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6
Q

the 3 types of cells in the testis are

A

spermatic
leydig
sertoli

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7
Q

spermatic cells include mitotically active …. and meiotic …

spermatogenesis proceeds as the spermatic cells move through the wall of the seminiferous tubules from the… towards the…. and…

A

spermatogonia

spermatocytes

basal lamina

apical surface

lumen

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8
Q

… cells lie outside of the seminiferous tubules. They synthesize T in response to LH

A

Leydig

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9
Q

In the gonad, T regulates…

In the brain, T regulates… (after being aromatized to…)

Elsewhere in the body, T regulates

A

spermatogenesis

sexual behavior

(E2)

secondary sexual characteristics

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10
Q

… cells are the epithelial cells lining the seminiferous tubules. In response to FSH, they regulate spermatogenesis and produce the peptide hormone inhibin

A

Sertoli (sustentacular)

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11
Q

Inhibin has negative feedback actions on…

A

FSH secretion

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12
Q

Sertoli cells also produce an androgen binding protein that helps sequester T in the testis so spermatogenesis is…

A

continuous

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13
Q

Sertoli cells also secrete tubular fluid to provide…

A

nutrient support for spermatozoa

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14
Q

LH stimulates… synthesis by… cells

A

T

Leydig

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15
Q

FSH stimulates… cells to regulate… and synthesize …

A

sertoli
spermatogenesis
inhibin

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16
Q

3 other effects of T that are also important in females

A

regulate bone growth

stimulate muscle growth

stimulate erythropoesis

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17
Q

3 reproductive system effects of T

A

sexual differentiation

secondary sex characteristics

stimulate erythropoesis

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18
Q

DHT is non- … and more potent than…

A

aromatizable

Testosterone

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19
Q

… are used to treat breast and prostate cancers

A

aromatase inhibitors

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20
Q

…. used to treat hair loss

A

5 alpha reducatase (this is because DHT promotes hair loss in male pattern baldness)

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21
Q

4 important cells of ovary

A

oocytes
theca cells
granulosa cells
luteal cells

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22
Q

Each…. is enclosed in a follicle

A

oocyte

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23
Q

Are there oogonia after birth?

A

No. All oocytes are arrested in prophase of meiosis I

24
Q

… cells are on the outside of the follicle

A

Theca (location and function is analogous to leydig cells)

25
Q

… cells are the epithelial cells of the follicle. They produce fluid, regulate maturation and can start as a single layer and become several layers thick

A

granulosa (analogous to the sertoli cells)

26
Q

…. cells are present after ovulation when the theca and granulosa cells are transformed into the corpus lutem

A

luteal

27
Q

Theca cells synthesize …. in response to… which then diffuses into granulosa cells

A

androstenedione

LH

28
Q

In response to …, granulosa cells convert androstenedione to…. which is converted to….

A

FSH

estrone

estradiol (E2)

29
Q

5 effects of Estradiol (E2)

A

stimulates granulosa cell function and replication

regulates oocyte development

reg. female secondary sex charac.

regulator of bone turnover and arterial fxn

typically inhibits GnRH and LH secretion

30
Q

In response to FSH, granulosa cells will also secrete…. which has a negative feedback effect on the anterior pituitary

A

inhibin

31
Q

… surge stimulates ovulation

A

LH

32
Q

Day 1-2 in the ovarian cycle is when there is a … rise and … development

A

gonadotropin

follicular

33
Q

Day 3-5 in the ovarian cycle, there is an increase in… and… and there is …. selection

A

E2
inhibin
dominant follicle

34
Q

Day 6-8 in the ovarian cycle, … decreases, there is an … peak, and an … surge (positive feedback action of E2 on GnRH and LH)

A

FSH
E2
LH

35
Q

Day 9-11 in the ovarian cycle, … is completed, … and … formation

A

meiosis I
ovulvation
CL

36
Q

Day 12-13, there is an increase in … and … and … are inhibited

A

E2
P
gonadotropins

37
Q

Day 14-16 of the ovarian cycle, there is … regression, a decrease in …. and gonadotropins rise

A

CL

steroids

38
Q

The menstrual or uterine cycle follows or parallels the … cycle

A

ovarian

39
Q

menstrual phase begins when … regresses and the steroid support for uterine endometrium is lost

A

CL

40
Q

differentiation of gonadal sex is determined by the presence of a gene on the Y chromosome that encodes for … protein

A

SRY

41
Q

…. directs the indifferent gonad to become a testis

A

SRY

42
Q

the fetal testis produces 2 hormones that regulate sexual differentiation of the internal genitalia–

A

Testosterone and

mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS)

43
Q

in a develping male, T stimulates proliferation of the … duct system that will become the tubules associates with the male reproductive tract and MIS causes…

A

wolffian

mullerian duct system to regress

44
Q

in a developing female, there is no significant production of gonadal steroids. Absence of …. causes regression of the …. duct system and absence of … results in proliferation or maintenance of the … duct system that becomes the tubules of the female reproductive tract

A

Testosterone
Wolffian
MIS
Mullerian

45
Q

external genitalia: the early embryo and fetus are undifferentiated up to … weeks

A

9

46
Q

…. is when there is an adrenal enzyme deficiency resulting in excess production of adrenal androgens

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

47
Q

an example of CAH is when there is a mutation of … causing a female (XX genotype) to have a male phenotype

A

21 alpha hydroxylase

48
Q

In … deficiency (also called guevodoces) they have an XY genotype but phenotype at birth is female

A

5 alpha reductase

49
Q

in 5 alpha reductase deficiency, the phenotype at birth is female because development of the penis, scrotum, and prostate gland are … dependent

A

DHT

50
Q

Do people who suffer from CAH have both male and female parts internally?

A

yes because of testosterone

51
Q

in 5 alpha reductase deficiency, they will lack male genitalia but increased … secretion with onset of puberty completes differentiation

A

T

52
Q

Testicular feminization or androgen insensitivity is a … genotype and … phenotype.

A

male

female

53
Q

in pregnancy, the CL regresses after… months and … supports luteal steroidogenesis

A

3

hCG

54
Q

… stimulates growth of myometrium

A

placental E2

55
Q

… reduces uterine contractility and stimulates vasodilation

A

placental P

AU2017 Physio Exam 2 (11 decks)

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