Lecture 8 - The Shoulder Girdle Flashcards
What bones make up the shoulder girdle?
Scapula
Clavicle
Manubrium of the sternum
What are the major joints of the shoulder girdle?
Acromioclavicular joint - Between the acromion process of scapula and outer end of clavicle - gliding - allows for greater freedom of movement of the shoulder girdle
Sternoclavicular joint - Only bony connection between the upper appendicular skeleton and the axial skeleton - saddle - Movement of clavicle relative to sternum in the girdle
Outline the anatomy of the scapula
Superior angle
Coracoid process
Acromion process
Glenoid fossa
Inferior angle
Spine of the scapula
What are the shoulder girdle movements?
Elevation
Depression
Abduction
Adduction
Upward rotation
What muscles originate from the scapula?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Teres major
Triceps long head
Biceps long and short head
Deltoid
What muscles insert onto the scapula?
Trapezius - upper - clavicle middle - spine of the scapula lower - triangular space at the base of the spine of the scapula
Levator scapulae - lifts the scapula up - elevation - medial border of scapula above spine
Rhomboid - medial border below the spine of the scapula
Serratus anterior - anterior surface
Pectoralis minor
What are the five major muscles?
Posterior - trapezius, rhomboids and levator scapulae
Anterior - pectoralis minor, serratus anterior
What is the Nuchal ligament ?
Supports the weight of the head
Acts as a point of attachment for the muscles
Occipital pertuberance to spinous process of C7
Outline the role of the rhomboids and Levator Scapulae
Elevation
Adduction
Downward rotation
Origin - C7 to T5 Inserts - lower region of medial border of scapula
Origin - C1 to C4 of the transverse process Inserts - upper region of medial border of scapula
Outline the role of the trapezius
Upper fibres - o - nuchal ligament and occipital bone I - Clavicle adduction , elevation
Middle - o - C7 to T3 I - spine of scapula adduction
Lower - O - T4 to T12 I - base of spine of the scapula adduction ,depression, upward rotation
Outline the serratus anterior
O - upper 9 ribs
I - anterior medial border of scapula
Abduction
Upward rotation
Outline the pectoralis minor
O - ribs 3,4,5
I - Coracoid process
Abduction
Depression
Downward rotation
Summarise the scapula movements and muscles
Elevation - LS, rhomboids, upper traps
Depression - Lower traps, pec minor
Adduction - All traps, rhomboids, LS
Abduction - Serratus Anterior, pec minor
Upward rotation - Traps (lower ) serratus anterior
Downward rotation - pec minor, rhomboid, LS
Outline the injuries in this region
Fractured clavicle - most common in the human body
Direct impact
Middle or lateral third
Rest and minimal movement
12 weeks to return
Surgery is unusual unless comminuted