Lecture 8 - The Shoulder Girdle

Question 1

What bones make up the shoulder girdle?

Answer 1

Scapula
Clavicle
Manubrium of the sternum

Question 2

What are the major joints of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 2

Acromioclavicular joint - Between the acromion process of scapula and outer end of clavicle - gliding - allows for greater freedom of movement of the shoulder girdle

Sternoclavicular joint - Only bony connection between the upper appendicular skeleton and the axial skeleton - saddle - Movement of clavicle relative to sternum in the girdle

Question 3

Outline the anatomy of the scapula

Answer 3

Superior angle
Coracoid process
Acromion process
Glenoid fossa
Inferior angle
Spine of the scapula

Question 4

What are the shoulder girdle movements?

Answer 4

Elevation
Depression
Abduction
Adduction
Upward rotation

Question 5

What muscles originate from the scapula?

Answer 5

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Teres major
Triceps long head
Biceps long and short head
Deltoid

Question 6

What muscles insert onto the scapula?

Answer 6

Trapezius - upper - clavicle middle - spine of the scapula lower - triangular space at the base of the spine of the scapula
Levator scapulae - lifts the scapula up - elevation - medial border of scapula above spine
Rhomboid - medial border below the spine of the scapula
Serratus anterior - anterior surface
Pectoralis minor

Question 7

What are the five major muscles?

Answer 7

Posterior - trapezius, rhomboids and levator scapulae
Anterior - pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

Question 8

What is the Nuchal ligament ?

Answer 8

Supports the weight of the head
Acts as a point of attachment for the muscles
Occipital protuberance to spinous process of C7

Question 9

Outline the role of the rhomboids and Levator Scapulae

Answer 9

Elevation
Adduction
Downward rotation
Origin - C7 to T5 Inserts - lower region of medial border of scapula
Origin - C1 to C4 of the transverse process Inserts - upper region of medial border of scapula

Question 10

Outline the role of the trapezius

Answer 10

Upper fibres - o - nuchal ligament and occipital bone I - Clavicle adduction , elevation
Middle - o - C7 to T3 I - spine of scapula adduction
Lower - O - T4 to T12 I - base of spine of the scapula adduction ,depression, upward rotation

Question 11

Outline the serratus anterior

Answer 11

O - upper 9 ribs
I - anterior medial border of scapula
Abduction
Upward rotation

Question 12

Outline the pectoralis minor

Answer 12

O - ribs 3,4,5
I - Coracoid process
Abduction
Depression
Downward rotation

Question 13

Summarise the scapula movements and muscles

Answer 13

Elevation - LS, rhomboids, upper traps
Depression - Lower traps, pec minor
Adduction - All traps, rhomboids, LS
Abduction - Serratus Anterior, pec minor
Upward rotation - Traps (lower ) serratus anterior
Downward rotation - pec minor, rhomboid, LS

Question 14

Outline the injuries in this region

Answer 14

Fractured clavicle - most common in the human body
Direct impact
Middle or lateral third
Rest and minimal movement
12 weeks to return
Surgery is unusual unless comminuted