Lecture 6 - The Hip Flashcards
What are the hip joints?
Acetabulofemoral - hip - ball and socket - multiaxial movement
Sacroiliac joint - gliding - allows stability as the joint locks when weight bearing
Pubic symphysis - slightly moveable - shock absorption when weight bearing - enable movement at SI joint
Lumbosacral joint - similar to the intervertebral joints - slightly moveable
Where do all 3 of the bones of the pelvis meet?
The acetabulum
What is the obturator foramen?
Passageway between ischium and pubis
What are the primary hip flexors?
Iliopsoas - Iliacus - O- Iliac Fossa and the psoas O - T12-Sacrum I - Lesser trochanter
Rectus femoris O - AIIS I - Tibial tuberosity
Sartorius O - ASIS I - Anteromedial Tibia - hip rotation, flex at the knee too
Tensor Fascia Latae - O - ASIS I - Iliotibial band - lateral tibial condyle
Pectineus - O - pubis I - medial femur - adduction too
What are the hip extensors?
Gluteus maximus O - posterior crest of the ilium, posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx I - Oblique ridge of the greater trochanter and iliotibial band - Lower fibres can act in adduction as there are different lines of pull for the fibres
Long head of bicep fem, semitendinosus and semimembranosus
What are the primary hip adductors?
Occurs in the frontal plane and sagittal axis
Adductor Brevis O - Pubis I - Linea Aspera
Adductor Longus O - Pubis I - Linea Aspera
Adductor Magnus O - Pubis and ischial tuberosity I - Linea Aspera and medial condyle of femur
Pectineus - O - Anterior pubis I - Inferior to lesser trochanter
Gracilis - O - Pubis I - Anteromedial tibia
What are the primary hip abductors?
Gluteus Medius - O - Lateral ilium below crest I - Greater trochanter
Gluteus Minimus - O - Lateral ilium below GM I - Greater trochanter
What are the primary external rotators?
6 deep muscles - act as one
Gluteus maximus
What are the primary internal rotators?
No real primary muscle
Gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, TFL, ST, SM and the Gracilis
What is Lombard’s Paradox?
During sit to stand motion
We require hip extension and knee extension
Rec fem - knee extensor but hip flexor
Hamstrings - Hip extensors but knee flexors
Knee and hip extensors have a greater lever arm than flexors, quads are activated more so there is a net extensor torque at the hip and knee
What is Femoroacetabular Impingement?
Abnormal growth/ deformity of femur or acetabulum
Causes butting together at end of range
Can damage the cartilage of acetabulofemoral joint
Risk factor for hip osteoarthritis
Higher risk for young people and athletic groups
What is Iliotibial Band Syndrome?
Iliotibial band fibrous reinforcement of the TFL
If tight - inflammation on the lateral aspect of the knee and friction between the iliotibial band and the lateral condyle of the femur
What is a hamstring strain?
Most common injury in football 5 per professional club per season
91% non contact, most often when running
Biceps femoris most commonly injured
Risk Factors - Previous hamstring strain, fatigue, strength imbalance and poor flexibility
