Lecture 3 - Anatomical Descriptors Flashcards
What is the anatomical position?
Standing with feet together and palms of hands facing forward
Superior
Above / top
Supra
Inferior
Below / bottom
Infra
Medial
Closer to the midline
Medio / medialis
Lateral
Further from the midline
Latero / lateralis
Anterior
Towards the front
Posterior
Towards the back
Proximal
Closer to the trunk / origin
Distal
Further from the trunk
Deep
Away from the surface
Superficial
Towards the surface
Palmar
Pertaining to the palm
Dorsal
Back of hand
Top of the foot
Plantar
The sole of the foot
What are the planes and axis?
Sagittal plane - frontal axis
Frontal plane - Sagittal axis
Transverse plane - Longitudinal axis
What movements occur in the sagittal plane/ frontal axis?
Flexion
Extension
Plantar flexion
Dorsiflexion
What movements occur in the frontal plane / Sagittal axis?
Abduction
Adduction
Inversion
Eversion
What movements occur in the transverse / longitudinal axis?
Internal / external rotation
What is an axis?
A straight line perpendicular to the plane of movement around which the joint rotates
Outline multiplanar movements
Ball and socket joints
Circumduction, diagonal adduction and abduction
What is reciprocal inhibition?
- Describes the processes of muscles on one side of a joint relaxing to allow contraction on the other side
- Activation of agonist motor units causes reciprocal neural inhibition of the antagonist
- Allows lengthening of antagonist under less tension
