Lecture 8: Studying the Structure & Function Flashcards
Define neuropsychology
Relations between brain and behaviour
What is Broca’s area
Third frontal convolution of left frontal lobe, speaking language and understanding
What is Wernike’s area
Left posterior section of temporal gyrus. Understanding written and spoken words.
What is the oldest technique for looking at the brain
Histology
What is bregma
Anatomical point of intersection between coronal sutures and sagittal suture of the skull, used as reference point in stereotaxic apparatus.
What are two types of brain lesions
Electrolytic (ablation via electrode, unfortunately kills neurons and tracts near electrode)
Neurotoxic (selective toxins can kill specific neurons and spare others)
Discuss different types of brain stimulation
Electrical self stim ( animals are implanted with electrode and press lever to get stim)
Deep brain stim (electrodes deliver low current, in Parkinson’s or depression)
Transcranial magnetic stim (uses magnetism to shut off or turn on cortical regions)
Optogenetics (light source to stim brain proteins)
List four techniques to measure electrical activity
EEG
ERP
MEG
single cell recordings
What did EEG uncover
Patterns change with behaviour
Patterns are often rhythmical
Activity is never silent
What can ERPs show
How ppl learn to process information over time. A stimuli is repeated presented and results are averaged.
What is an MEG
The magnetic equivalent to the EEG OR ERP. It is more precise
List some static brain imaging techniques
CT - many different xrays for different vantage points
MRI- neuron rich areas stand out more compared to axon rich.
DTI - images nerve pathways to show myelination, detects water molecules
List some dynamic brain imaging techniques
FMRI - shows changes in activity by changes in oxygen content
PET- detects photon emissions, can detect neurotransmitter and metabolic activities
Micro dialysis - testing CSF from cannula in an animals brain
