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NEUR2200 > Lecture 2: How Does Nervous System Function > Flashcards

Lecture 2: How Does Nervous System Function Flashcards

1
Q

What two systems make up the nervous system?

A

The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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2
Q

The CNS is composed of what two major units?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What two systems make up the peripheral nervous system?

A

The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

What types of nerves are in the somatic nervous system?

A

Cranial and spinal

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5
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do?

A

Transmit sensation and produce movement

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6
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Balances internal functions

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7
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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8
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

A

Arousal - fight or flight

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9
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

A

Calming - rest and digest

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10
Q

Name the three meninges in order from outside to inside

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid layer
Pia mater

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11
Q

What is the cerebrum divided into

A

Two hemispheres

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12
Q

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

A

Control and coordination of motor skills

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13
Q

What is the function of the brain stem?

A

Unconscious behaviours of the body - breathing, heart rate, bodily functions.

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14
Q

What are gyri and sulci?

A

Bumps and cracks on cerebral cortex that increase its surface area

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15
Q

What is the composition of grey matter, and its purpose

A

Cell bodies and capillary blood vessels. Functions to process info and support behaviour

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16
Q

What is the composition of white matter and its purpose

A

Nerve fibres and their fatty coverings (axons) and functions to connect cells

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17
Q

What are the ventricles

A

4 cavalries in the brain filled with CSF. The right and left lateral ventricles, the third and fourth.

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18
Q

What is the corpus callosum

A

“Bridge” that connects two hemispheres made of nerve fibres.

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19
Q

What are two major cell types

A

Neuron and glial

20
Q

What is the function of a neuron

A

Carry out major brain functions

21
Q

What is the function of glial cells

A

Aid and modulate neuron activity. Like moms.

22
Q

What types of nerves does the brain stem mediate

A

Afferent nerves coming into brain from body’s sensation organs, efferent nerves exiting the brain sending signals through spinal cord

23
Q

What are the three main regions of the brain stem

A

Hindbrain
Midbrain
Diencephalon

24
Q

What are the three components of the hindbrain

A

Cerebellum
Reticular formation
Pons

25
Q

What are the two parts of the midbrain

A

The tectum (receives info from eyes and ears, production of oriented movements) and the tegmentum (initiates movement, sexual behaviour, movement of limbs)

26
Q

What two units compose the diencephalon

A

Hypothalamus

Thalamus

27
Q

Purpose of the hypothalamus

A

Control hormone production via pituitary gland

28
Q

Function of the thalamus

A

All sensory info comes into thalamus, then goes into cortex

29
Q

Three components of forebrain

A

Neocortex
Basal ganglia
Limbic system

30
Q

What are the three components of the forebrain?

A

Neocortex
Limbic system
Basal ganglia

31
Q

Function of the neocortex

A

6 layers of gray matter that respond to perceptual world

32
Q

Function of the limbus system

A

3-4 layers of gray matter which control motivational and emotional states

33
Q

Describe neocortex functions at different levels of gray matter

A

Top layers: integrative functions
Middle layers: afferent nerves bring in sensory input
Bottom layers: efferent nerves sending out directives
Each layer has a different neuron cell type

34
Q

List the four lobes and their functions

A

Frontal: executive function and motor control
Occipital : vision
Parietal: tactile function
Temporal: auditory, visual, gustatory

35
Q

Describe the purpose and structures of the basal ganglia

A

Purpose: controls certain aspects of voluntary movements
Parts: caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

36
Q

List parts of limbic system

A

Limbic cortex
Amygdala
Hippocampus

37
Q

What is the function of the limbic cortex?

A

Certain aspects of memory

38
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus

A

Memory storage, especially spatial memory

39
Q

What is the function of the amygdala?

A

Negative emotions, fearful memories, fear acquisition

40
Q

Describe the olfactory system

A

A structure in the forebrain, olfactory bulb receives input from nose and sends to pyriform cortex.

41
Q

List the 12 cranial nerves

OLd OPen OCeans TROble TRIbesmen ABout Fish VEnom Giving VArious SPlitting Headaches

A 
Olfactory - smell
Optic - vision
Oculomotor - eye movement 
Trochlear - eye movement
Trigeminal - chewing and facial sensation
Abducens - eye movement
Facial - facial movement and sensation
vestibular - hearing and balance
Glossopharyngeal - tongue and pharynx
Vagus - heart, blood vessels, viscera, larynx+
Spinal accessory - neck muscles
Hypoglossal - tongue
42
Q

List the five regions of the spinal column

A

Cervical 8
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacral 5

43
Q

Define dermatomes

A

Segments of the body which house nerves (sensory and motor) correlating to the vertebrae of origin (dermatome S2 correlates to nerves exiting the spinal column at the second sacral vertebrae)

44
Q

Describe how signals are transmitted via spinal nerves

A
  1. Sensory receptors activate sensory neurons and enter column via dorsal root
  2. Branches of these neurons may cross to opposite side of column to transmit via white matter fibre tracts
  3. Signals descending exit via ventral root to stimulate motor neurons
45
Q

What is Bell and Magendie’s law?

A

Dorsal spinal cord is sensory and ventral spinal cord is motor. Allows us to make inferences where damage may have occurred based on sensation and movement in a patient

46
Q

Describe the sympathetic division of the ANS

A

“Fight or flight”

Nerves connect to thoracic and lumbar sections of spinal cord

47
Q

Describe parasympathetic division of ANS

A

“Rest and digest”

Connects to oculomotor nerve, vagus nerve, and facial nerve. Connected to sacral region of spinal cord

NEUR2200 (9 decks)

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