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Drugs Brain And Behaviour > Lecture 8- Stimulants II > Flashcards

Lecture 8- Stimulants II Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Proccess of L DOPA to Epinephrine

A

-L dopa is the product of L tyrosine
-From L-dopa to Dopa decarboxylase
-Creates dopamine
-Become norephedrine
-Becomes Epinephrine

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2
Q

What is the rate-limiting step (slowest) in catecholamine synthesis

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)

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3
Q

Dopamine was originally only believed to be

A

A precursor for NE and E, not it’s own NT

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4
Q

How did Arvid Carlsson demonstrate that dopamine was a NT

A

-Removed dopamine from rabbits and gave it back
-Rabbits start to move again
-When they remove dopamine, they’re more catatonic

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5
Q

Dopamine transporter also does what

A

Reuptakes dopamine

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6
Q

In the brain all monoamines are packaged into vesicles by

A

VMAT2

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7
Q

All monamines are degraded by

A

Monoamine oxidase

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8
Q

In the striatum, what are the dopamine classes

A

-D1 class (D1,D5)
-D2 class (D2-4)

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9
Q

D2 class features

A

-Receptors couple to inhibitory G protein
-Presynaptic Autoreceptors are usually D2

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10
Q

D1 class features

A

-Receptors are usually coupled to stimulatory G proteins

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11
Q

All dopamine classes can be

A

Postsynatic

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12
Q

D1 and D2 class receptors are usually on different

A

Neurons

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13
Q

Hundreds of thousands of DA, NE and 5-HT cells in the midbrain nuclei send

A

Broad, diffuse projections to large areas of the forebrain, suggesting these signals are global

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14
Q

Striatum is divided into 2 main parts

A

-Nucleus accumbens
—Important for reward
-Dorsal striatum/ caudate putamen
—Involved in movement

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15
Q

The striatum is a key site of

A

-Dopamine action
-Dopamine is important for striatal function

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16
Q

A9, Substania nigra

A

-Project their axons to the dorsal striatum
-Nigrostriatal pathway

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17
Q

A10, Ventral tegmental area (VTA)

A

-Projects their axons to the nucleus accumbens
-Mesolimbic pathway

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18
Q

Dopamine terminals can be identified via

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH staining)

19
Q

Amphetamines dopamine increase measured by microdialysis

A

-In the nucleus accumbens, 1000%
-In the dorsal striatum, 500%

20
Q

Cocaine dopamine increase measured by microdialysis

A

-In the nucleus accumbens, 300%
-In the dorsal striatum, 200%

21
Q

What’s the primary site of action of amphetamines and cocaine

A

Monamine transporters

22
Q

Distribution of cocaine matches that of

A

DAT

23
Q

Effects of cocaine blocking DAT

A

-High doses of cocaine can produce 2-4 times increase in striatal dopamine release
-Dopamine accumulates in the synaptic cleft

24
Q

Which produces a greater effect on momamines

A

Amphetamines more than cocaine

25
Q

Amphetamines effect on DAT

A

-Entry via DAT
-Inhibits dopamine storage in vesicles through VMAT blockade
-DAT works in reverse to remove dopamine from terminal to cleft

26
Q

Why when dopamine blockers are added do rats increase pressing a lever

A

Panic, want more drug, eventually drops when nothing is received

27
Q

What do DA and NE antagonists show about amphetamine reward

A

-DA blockers cause spike and drop in lever presses
-NE is unchanged

28
Q

What blockers are not commonly abused by people

A

-NET
-SERT

29
Q

Repeated treatment which procedures sensitisation of psychomotor also

A

Increases DA transmission

30
Q

Subjective high requires

A

40-60% DAT occupancy

31
Q

Cocaine has frequent administration due to

A

Fast uptake and clearance from the brain

32
Q

Dopamine terminals destroyed using

A

Toxin 6-OHDA

33
Q

What are stereotyped behaviours

A

Meaningless repetitive movement

34
Q

Psychostimulant microinjections into the nucleus accumbens cause

A

Increased locomotor behaviour

35
Q

Psychostimulant microinjections into the dorsal striatum causes

A

Increased stereotyped behaviours

36
Q

6-OHDA lesions to the nucleus accumbens causes

A

-Decreased locomotor response following systemic administration of low dose psychostimulants
-Decreasing reinforcing effectiveness

37
Q

6-OHDA lesions to the dorsal striatum causes

A

Decreased stereotyped behaviours following systemic administration of high dose psychostimulants

38
Q

Amphetamine microinjection to the nucleus accumbens causes

A

Reinforcing to the animal

39
Q

Cocaine microinjection to the nucleus accumbens causes

A

Reinforcing to the animal

40
Q

Dopamine blockade in the dorsal striatum causes

A

Normal Acquisition of cocaine self administration

41
Q

Dopamine blockade in the nucleus accumbens causes

A

Disrupted acquisition of cocaine self administration

42
Q

Stimulant ‘bath salts’ contain

A

Cathinones such as MDVP

43
Q

How does bath salts differ to cocaine

A

-More DA release per mg of product
-Increased heart rate

Drugs Brain And Behaviour (8 decks)

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