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Personality and Intelligence at Work > Lecture 8 - Personality Disorders in the Workplace > Flashcards

Lecture 8 - Personality Disorders in the Workplace Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two reasons for leadership incompetence according to Hogan and Hogan (2001)?

A
  • Dysfunctional traits (e.g. dark triad)

- Derailment

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2
Q

What does HDS stand for?

A

Hogan Development Survey

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3
Q

What is the DSM definition of personality disorders?

A

An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates from the expectations of that individual’s culture.
Is pervasive and inflexible, has an early onset in adolescence or adulthood, is stable over time and leads to distress or impairment.

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4
Q

What type of disorders does the DSM refer to in Cluster A?

A

Odd or eccentric disorders than involve a physical, psychological or emotional movement away from others.

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5
Q

What do disorders involving paranoia consist of according to Cluster A of the DSM?

A

Extreme mistrust or distrust and irrational suspicion of others.
Paranoid - skeptical

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6
Q

What do schizoid personality disorders involve according to Cluster A of the DSM?

A

Disconnection of relationships.

Schizoid - reserved.

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7
Q

What do schizotypal personality disorders involve according to Cluster A of the DSM?

A

Extreme discomfort with close relationships, distorted cognitions and emotions, and eccentric behaviour.

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8
Q

What was the HDS designed for?

A

To examine personality disorders in workplace situations (e.g. problematic traits in managers, executives)

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9
Q

What clinical capacity does the HDS have?

A

It doesn’t - it’s sub-clinical only. It has no medical or psychiatric elements/items and does not evaluate mental health.

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10
Q

When do dark triad traits show?

A

When performance is poor, and you frustrated or stressed at work. When this happens, your guard is dropped and so dark side traits would begin to show.

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11
Q

If one were to classify highly on the diligence scale, what dark side trait might the HDS attribute to them?

A

OCD

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12
Q

What are the short term strengths of an OCD trait dimension?

A

Hard-working
High standards
Self-sacrificing

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13
Q

What are the long term weaknesses of an OCD trait dimension?

A

Over-controlling
Rigid
Micro-managing

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14
Q

What do Cluster C disorders tend to entail, according to the DSM?

A

Anxiety and fearfulness.

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15
Q

What do avoidant disorders involve according to Cluster C of the DSM?

A
  • Socially inhibited - feelings of inadequacy and negative judgement. Shy and low self-esteem
  • Unlikely to reach managerial levels.
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16
Q

What do dependent disorders involve according to Cluster C of the DSM?

A
  • Persistent psychological dependence on others

- May not manage staff well

17
Q

What do obsessive-compulsive disorders involve according to Cluster C of the DSM?

A
  • Conformity to rules
  • Moral codes
  • Seek perfectionism
  • Not flexible or open to other people’s ideas
  • Would thrive in business, health and safety or quality control.
18
Q

Individuals with dark side traits in the work place are likely to have what, according to Hogan and Hogan (2001)?

A

Impressive social skills

19
Q

Why do ‘successful’, corporate psychopaths tend not to be institutionalised?

A

They tend to be less aggressive than other antisocial individuals who are incarcerated.

20
Q

What are the 3 drives of someone with APD or psychopathy?

A
  • Power
  • Dominance
  • Prestige
21
Q

What are the 4 types of disorders in Cluster B of the DSM?

A
  • Antisocial
  • Borderline
  • Histrionic
  • Narcissistic
22
Q

What do antisocial (mischievous) disorders involve according to Cluster B of the DSM?

A
  • General disregard for others
  • Persistent Lying
  • Lack of empathy
  • Failure to plan or keep long term goals
  • Unable to control anger - tendency to violate rights and boundaries
23
Q

What do borderline (excitable) disorders involve according to Cluster B of the DSM?

A
  • Unstable relationships
  • Poor impulse control
  • Poor self-image and identity
  • Threaten suicide
  • Engage in self harm
  • Affected greatly by stress
24
Q

What do histrionic (colourful) disorders involve according to Cluster B of the DSM?

A
  • Needs to be centre of attention
  • Excessive need for approval
  • Overly dramatic
  • Easily bored with routines
  • Provocative, seductive behaviour or appearance
25
Q

What do narcissistic (bold) disorders involve according to Cluster B of the DSM?

A
  • grandiosity
  • Pre-occupied with own success
  • Seek attention and admiration
  • Centre relationships around themselves.
26
Q

What does Board & Fritzon (2005) show about the prevalence of histrionic disorders in the workplace?

A

Senior managers and CEOs had, on average, higher Histrionic disorder scores than psychiatric patients and inpatients at Broadmoor.

27
Q

According to Babiak, Neumauun and Hare (2010), what was the prevalence of antisocial disorders in the workplace?

A

5.4% among managers and executives, compared to 15% in male offender samples. Prevalence in managers and executives is higher than in the general population.

28
Q

What are 5 features of ‘Industrious’ Psychopaths, according to Babiak (1995)?

A
  • Network of 1-1 relationships
  • Avoidance of group meetings
  • Creation of conflicts
  • Abandons co-workers once ‘used’
  • Raises doubts about detractors/critics
29
Q

The short term strengths of certain personality disorder traits in the workplace are similar to what?

A

Charismatic traits, which map onto aspects of transformational or charismatic leadership styles. This may be why these individuals are awarded the job initially.

30
Q

What does the spectrum hypothesis suggest?

A
  • Prefers to explain personality disorders as quantitative differences in the extent of traits, rather than qualitative differences.
  • Personality disorders can be characterised as just extreme scores on Big 5 traits, which leads to maladaptive outcomes.
  • PDs can be explained by Big 5 traits, and do not require the dark triad, etc. (Lynam & Miller, 2015)
31
Q

Why might this increased prevalence of personality disorders exist in the workplace?

A
  • Selection: managers/recruiters specifically select individuals with these traits because they recognise the possible benefits they bring to the organisation/
  • Socialisation: workers’ traits and behaviour change to match what is necessary for the job - e.g. realising that being low in empathy will increase productivity, etc.
  • Alignment: individuals with these dark traits are more likely to want to have these managerial and executive roles due to the ease/perceived rewards of those positions when high in narcissism, psychopathy, APD, etc.

Personality and Intelligence at Work (19 decks)

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