Lecture 7 - Leadership Flashcards
Define leadership style
A stable pattern of behaviours that determine the leader’s relationship and influence over group members.
What is a transformational leadership style?
A style of leadership in which the vision of he organisation/leader is communicated and emphasised to followers, to produce a change in their values, expectations and motivations, and to inspire them to sacrifice personal interests for the interests of the group.
What is a transformational leadership style?
A style of leadership in which the vision of the organisation/leader is communicated and emphasised to followers, to produce a change in their values, expectations and motivations, and to inspire them to sacrifice personal interests for the interests of the group.
What are the 4 dimensions of transformational leadership and according to which study?
- Idealised influence (charisma)
- Inspirational motivation
- Intellectual stimulation
- Individualised consideration
Bass (1985)
How does transformational leadership influence job performance? Which study supports this?
More effective leadership:
- Individual follower performance
- Team performance
- Organisational performance
Wang et al., (2011)
What is a transactional style of leadership?
Focus on personal reward and punishment.
What is a charismatic style of leadership?
Persuasive, attractive individual that people want to follow.
How similar are charismatic and transactional styles of leadership?
More similar than different.
Name 4 leadership decision-making styles.
- Directive
- Consultative
- Delegative
- Consensual
Faraci (2013)
Which decision making leadership styles are best for new or developing teams?
Directive or consultative
Which decision making leadership styles are best for established/experienced teams?
Delegative or consensual.
What is emergence in relation to leadership?
Who becomes a leader and why.
What is leadership effectiveness?
How successful a leader is and why.
What does Judge’s (2004) study show about predicting leadership effectiveness and emergence from intelligence?
Suggested that perceived intelligence may be a more important characteristic than actual intelligence in perceived emergence.
Intelligence did not correlate that highly with perceived and actual effectiveness either.
Describe the relationship between ability EI and leadership effectiveness according to Kerr (2006)
Ability EI can predict how effective a leader can be, if it’s the followers who are predicting it.
According to Kerr (2006), which aspect of the MSCEIT correlated most strongly with (perceived) leadership effectiveness?
Using emotions (.52)
Which trait would lend itself most to an adaptable style of leadership?
High intelligence - linked to greater flexibility and problem solving.
According to Judge (2002), what is the biggest personality/trait predictor of leadership emergence and effectiveness and why?
Extraversion, because leaders need to be dominant, assertive and sociable. Therefore, more extraverted leaders will be perceived as more effective.
According to Judge (2002), how does conscientiousness relate to leadership emergence and effectiveness?
Conscientiousness correlates well and predicts leadership emergence just as well as extraversion, but does not predict leadership effectiveness quite as much.
According to Judge (2002), how does agreeableness relate to leadership emergence and effectiveness?
More agreeable individuals are less likely to emerge as leaders, but tend to be more effective if they already are.
According to Judge (2002), how does neuroticism relate to leadership emergence and effectiveness and why?
Negatively correlated with leadership effectiveness and emergence. More neurotic individuals will fail to drive their team forward and create and motivate towards a vision of the future due to their anxiety and lack of self-esteem.
Why might personality traits have such an influence on the emergence and effectiveness of leaders/leadership?
The combination of personality traits that a leader has might influence the style of leadership that they go on to use.
What are the mechanisms driving extraverted individuals to be effective leaders?
Extraverted individuals are more motivated to lead, show better problem solving skills and have better social judgement.
Chen (2013)
What are criticisms of the Big 5 predicting workplace performance?
- Other trait taxonomies such as the dark triad - narcissism, psychopathy and Machiavellianism.
- The Big 5 model doesn’t explain how traits and situations interact to produce leadership outcomes.
Describe the relationship between narcissism and leadership emergence/effectiveness.
Narcissism may be linked to leadership emergence, due to the overlap between narcissism and extraversion.
The more you get to know a narcissist, the less you will want them as your leader - they may seem a good fit at first, but then you find out how self-absorbed they are.
Leadership emergence/effectiveness is stronger when self-rated by the narcissist.
Describe the interaction between narcissism and certainty of context and it’s effect on leadership preference, as shown by the European Journal of Social Psychology (2013).
In uncertain workplace contexts, (e.g. company in difficulties) highly narcissistic individuals are more likely to be chosen/sought after to lead.
Does the work context/setting play a role in how predictive traits are of job performance?
Yes (Judge et al., 2002).
What are the most significant trait predictors of job performance in a business context?
Openness, Agreeableness and Low Neuroticism
Judge et al., 2002
What are the most significant trait predictors of job performance in a government/military context?
Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Low Neuroticism
Judge et al., 2002
What are the most significant trait predictors of job performance in a student context?
Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Low Neuroticism.
(Judge et al., 2002)
When business goes wrong, what do workers tend to blame?
Workers tend to hold leaders/their bosses responsible.
What are the two reasons for leadership incompetence according to Hogan and Hogan (2001)?
- Dysfunctional traits (e.g. dark triad)
- Derailment
