Lecture 8: Obesity

Question 1

What is obesity & overweight?

Answer 1

• Condition of excessive adipose tissue that presents a health risk

Question 2

Why are obesity and overweight risk?

Answer 2

Increased risk of CVD, type 2 diabetes

Question 3

How much body fat should men and women have?

Answer 3

Men: 15-20%
Women: 22-28%

Question 4

What is the cause of obesity?

Answer 4

if energy input is higher than energy output

Question 5

What happens when you put on weight in terms of the adipose cells?

Answer 5

• Increase size and number of adipose cells

Question 6

What happens when you lose weight in terms of adipose cells?

Answer 6

• Cell size decreases but number stays the same - hard to lose weight

Question 7

What does leptin do?

Answer 7

Suppress appetite; dominant long-term regulator of energy balance and body weight

Question 8

What does adiponectin do?

Answer 8

Increases sensitivity to insulin; decreases body weight by increasing energy expenditure; suppressed in obesity

Question 9

What does resistin do?

Answer 9

Leads to insulin resistance. Released in obesity

Question 10

Long-term energy control

Answer 10

DIAGRAM

Question 11

Where is leptin produced?

Answer 11

Adipose tissue

Question 12

What happens when there is an increase in adipose tissue in terms of leptin?

Answer 12

^ adipose tissue –> ^ leptin production (usually acts on the hypothalamus to decrease appetite but leptin is not working correctly) –> appetite remains ^ and isn’t suppressed –> increase weight

Question 13

What is short-term energy control?

Answer 13

• Ghrelin stimulates appetite before a meal

- Pyy, CCK & stomach digestions after a meal stimulate satiety

Question 14

What are some other factors that influence appetite?

Answer 14

Habit
Custom
Pleasure

Question 15

How to diagnose diabesity

Answer 15

• BMI
• Waist circumference
• Body shape

Question 16

How to measure BMI

Answer 16

BMI = weight (kg) / height ^2 (m^2)

Question 17

Limitations of BMI

Answer 17

Overestimates if 
- Bodybuilders 
- Body frame 
- Pregnant 
Underestimates if 
- Elderly 
- Muscle wasting

Question 18

What is android obesity associated with?

Answer 18

• Apple-shaped
• Visceral/abdominal fat
• Higher risk of obesity-related complication

Question 19

What is gynoid obesity associated with?

Answer 19

• Pear-shaped
• hips & butt
• Lower risk of obesity-related complications