Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Kidneys 2024 > Lecture 8 Final > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the plasma and solute osmolarity in the PCT?

A

300 mOsm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do we have NaCl being reabsorbed in the Thin ascending loop?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many % of solutes get reabsorbed at the thick ascending loop of henle?

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Right at the end of TAL and beginning of the DCT, the concentration level is?

A

100 mOsm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F:
ADH allows the renal system to reabsorb only H2O.

A

False, it also reabsorbs urea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Creatinine concentration gets lower or higher throughout the tubule?

A

Higher d/t water reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to the NKCl2 in the loop of henle?

A

They are reabsorbed causing a decrease in concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the PAH concentration in the tubule vs 1ml of plasma in the collecting tubule?

A

585

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the creatinine concentration in the tubule vs 1ml of plasma in the collecting tubule?

A

120

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the inulin concentration in the tubule vs 1ml of plasma in the collecting tubule?

A

125

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the urea concentration in the tubule vs 1ml of plasma in the collecting tubule?

A

50-60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

During diuresis, how much fluid in the interstitium vs in the plasma?

A

4/5 in the interstitium

1/5 in plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Based on the CV system, what is 1/5 of fluids that will be pulled from the plasma for urination during diuresis?

A

200 - 220ml (1/5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F:
If pressures are too high, you can pull fluids from the ECF via diuretics?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Based on balance, if we eat a lot of salt, what does the kidneys do?

A

It lowers the angiotensin II to decrease Na+ reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens if you have abnormally high angiotensin II?

A

high BP

17
Q

What does it mean if you have some type of angiotensin II blockade?

A

Low angiotensin II > low aldosterone > unable to retain salt/water > low BP

18
Q

What happens if #1 of your kidneys are stenosed?

A

kidney 1
low pressures, low NaCl > inc. renin > inc. ang II > inc. MAP

kidney 2
Senses inc. MAP > dec. renin > but not enough to match the high renin in kidney 1 > HTN (but not as high that it could be)

19
Q

Which meds work well for ang II problems?

A

ARBs

20
Q

What is the build up of structures of the GCs?

A

Podocytes

21
Q

What can happen to the GCs if exposed to pressures > 60 mmHg for too long?

A

damaged capillary beds

22
Q

How does taste buds work?

A

It has Na and K channels. Na influx, K efflux, cell becomes excited. More Na+ > inc excitability (more taste).

*no Cl- channels

23
Q

What are salt substitutes made of?

A

K+; makes food taste weird

24
Q

How does the renal respond to high Na intake?

A

High Na+ > sensed by MD > dec. ang II > dec. aldosterone

High fluid volume > high Pcap > high GFR > high Na+ to MD > dec. ang II > dec. aldosterone > inc. excretion

25
Q

Do African/africans have salt sensitive HTN?

A

No, only African Americans.

African Americans have low renin levels but responds to ACEi.

26
Q

How does mannitol work?

A

It doesn’t get reabsorbed so it all gets excreted.

27
Q

How does ARBs/Ace i work?

A

Blocks Ang II > less NA reabsorption

28
Q

What does K sparing meds affect?

A

Aldosterone

29
Q

What is normal creatinine clearance for 1mg/ml?

A

Filtered = 1mg/dl x 125ml/min = 1.25mg/min

(nml Cr secreted/min = 0.15mg/min)

Excretion rate = secreted + Filtered
1.40 = 0.15 + 1.25

30
Q

What is the normal excretion rate compared to production rate?

A

It’s balanced (equals each other)

31
Q

What would happen to our Cr. clearance if we lost 1 kidney?

A

normally we excrete 1.25mg/min
now it’s 0.625mg/min (cut in half).

Since we’re only removing half of what’s being produced, Cr levels rises to dbl concentration in order to remove the same amount produced.

32
Q

T/F:
Production is not equal to excretion

A

False; If production (ex. Cr) is not equal to the excretion rate, the concentration will keep doubling until it’s equal.

33
Q

Nephron Math???

A
34
Q

What restrictions needed for kidney failure? Problems?

A

Restriction: Na, K, protein

Problems: Acidosis, hyperK, hyperNa, hypervolume, HTN

35
Q

What happens if you add an isotonic solution?

A

Increased ECF

36
Q

What happens if you add a hypotonic solution?

A

Osmolarity drops
increase ICF
Increased ECF

37
Q

What happens if you add a hypertonic solution?

A

Osmolarity increase
Decreased ICF
Increased ECF

AP Kidneys 2024 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions