Lecture 8 Final

Question 1

What is the plasma and solute osmolarity in the PCT?

Answer 1

300 mOsm

Question 2

Do we have NaCl being reabsorbed in the Thin ascending loop?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

How many % of solutes get reabsorbed at the thick ascending loop of henle?

Answer 3

25%

Question 4

Right at the end of TAL and beginning of the DCT, the concentration level is?

Answer 4

100 mOsm

Question 5

T/F:
ADH allows the renal system to reabsorb only H2O.

Answer 5

False, it also reabsorbs urea.

Question 6

Creatinine concentration gets lower or higher throughout the tubule?

Answer 6

Higher d/t water reabsorption

Question 7

What happens to the NKCl2 in the loop of henle?

Answer 7

They are reabsorbed causing a decrease in concentration

Question 8

What is the PAH concentration in the tubule vs 1ml of plasma in the collecting tubule?

Answer 8

585

Question 9

What is the creatinine concentration in the tubule vs 1ml of plasma in the collecting tubule?

Answer 9

120

Question 10

What is the inulin concentration in the tubule vs 1ml of plasma in the collecting tubule?

Answer 10

125

Question 11

What is the urea concentration in the tubule vs 1ml of plasma in the collecting tubule?

Answer 11

50-60

Question 12

During diuresis, how much fluid in the interstitium vs in the plasma?

Answer 12

4/5 in the interstitium

1/5 in plasma

Question 13

Based on the CV system, what is 1/5 of fluids that will be pulled from the plasma for urination during diuresis?

Answer 13

200 - 220ml (1/5)

Question 14

T/F:
If pressures are too high, you can pull fluids from the ECF via diuretics?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Based on balance, if we eat a lot of salt, what does the kidneys do?

Answer 15

It lowers the angiotensin II to decrease Na+ reabsorption

Question 16

What happens if you have abnormally high angiotensin II?

Answer 16

high BP

Question 17

What does it mean if you have some type of angiotensin II blockade?

Answer 17

Low angiotensin II > low aldosterone > unable to retain salt/water > low BP

Question 18

What happens if #1 of your kidneys are stenosed?

Answer 18

kidney 1
low pressures, low NaCl > inc. renin > inc. ang II > inc. MAP

kidney 2
Senses inc. MAP > dec. renin > but not enough to match the high renin in kidney 1 > HTN (but not as high that it could be)

Question 19

Which meds work well for ang II problems?

Answer 19

ARBs

Question 20

What is the build up of structures of the GCs?

Answer 20

Podocytes

Question 21

What can happen to the GCs if exposed to pressures > 60 mmHg for too long?

Answer 21

damaged capillary beds

Question 22

How does taste buds work?

Answer 22

It has Na and K channels. Na influx, K efflux, cell becomes excited. More Na+ > inc excitability (more taste).

*no Cl- channels

Question 23

What are salt substitutes made of?

Answer 23

K+; makes food taste weird

Question 24

How does the renal respond to high Na intake?

Answer 24

High Na+ > sensed by MD > dec. ang II > dec. aldosterone

High fluid volume > high Pcap > high GFR > high Na+ to MD > dec. ang II > dec. aldosterone > inc. excretion

Question 25

Do African/africans have salt sensitive HTN?

Answer 25

No, only African Americans. African Americans have low renin levels but responds to ACEi.

Question 26

How does mannitol work?

Answer 26

It doesn't get reabsorbed so it all gets excreted.

Question 27

How does ARBs/Ace i work?

Answer 27

Blocks Ang II > less NA reabsorption

Question 28

What does K sparing meds affect?

Answer 28

Aldosterone

Question 29

What is normal creatinine clearance for 1mg/ml?

Answer 29

Filtered = 1mg/dl x 125ml/min = 1.25mg/min (nml Cr secreted/min = 0.15mg/min) Excretion rate = secreted + Filtered 1.40 = 0.15 + 1.25

Question 30

What is the normal excretion rate compared to production rate?

Answer 30

It's balanced (equals each other)

Question 31

What would happen to our Cr. clearance if we lost 1 kidney?

Answer 31

normally we excrete 1.25mg/min now it's 0.625mg/min (cut in half). Since we're only removing half of what's being produced, Cr levels rises to dbl concentration in order to remove the same amount produced.

Question 32

T/F: Production is not equal to excretion

Answer 32

False; If production (ex. Cr) is not equal to the excretion rate, the concentration will keep doubling until it's equal.

Question 33

Nephron Math???

Question 34

What restrictions needed for kidney failure? Problems?

Answer 34

Restriction: Na, K, protein Problems: Acidosis, hyperK, hyperNa, hypervolume, HTN

Question 35

What happens if you add an isotonic solution?

Answer 35

Increased ECF

Question 36

What happens if you add a hypotonic solution?

Answer 36

Osmolarity drops increase ICF Increased ECF

Question 37

What happens if you add a hypertonic solution?

Answer 37

Osmolarity increase Decreased ICF Increased ECF