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AP Kidneys 2024 > Lecture 1 Final > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Final Flashcards

1
Q

What does the kidneys do?

A
  • Transport nutrients to tissues
  • Transport wastes from tissues
  • Hormone signaling
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2
Q

volume for kidneys

A

Liters

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3
Q

Velocity for kidneys

A

m/sec

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4
Q

Pressure /force for kidneys

A

mmHg

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5
Q

Internal diameter?

A

Cross sectional area

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6
Q

blood flow

A

volume/min
(ex. ml/min)

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7
Q

Vascular resistance =

A

ex. blood pressure

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8
Q

What do you get when you measure pressure between the source and the high resistance?

A

High pressure

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9
Q

If you measure the pressure below the high resistance/choke point, what kind of pressures do you get?

A

Low pressure

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10
Q

inverse of vascular resistance (pressure)

A

vascular conductance (free flow)

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11
Q

Poisseulle’s law

A

helps measure resistance

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12
Q

How much percent of systemic circulation does the veins hold?

A

84%

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13
Q

Pulmonary circulation hold about ______ % of systemic circulation?

A

9%

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14
Q

Heart circulation of the total system?

A

7%

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15
Q

Controls how much fluid we have in our body. “Big filter”

A

Kidneys

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16
Q

If you connect 2 tubes together, what happens to the resistance?

A

increase Twice as much.

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17
Q

What is a system called “parallel”

A

More choices of tubes to choose from that leads to lowest resistance.

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18
Q

Measurement for total resistance

A

RTotal = R1+R2+R3+R4

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19
Q

Where do we have only 1 tube in the whole circuit?

A

Aorta

20
Q

How does the x-sectional area help with determining the velocity of blood flow of smaller tubes?

A

The more tubes leads to the total x-sectional area adds up to a really big number.

21
Q

The furthest away from the heart the tubes get smaller and more quantity, leading to

A

a low velocity of flow

22
Q

T/F: Left atrium has low pressures

A

True

23
Q

How are pressures in the aorta?

A

High pressures

24
Q

How are pressures in the ventricles?

A

High pressures

25
Q

T/F: The furthest away from the heart, the pressure decreases

A

True

26
Q

The high resistance blood vessels in the systemic circulation are ….

A

Small arteries and arterioles

27
Q

If you measure the pressures between the heart and the small arteries (choke point) “proximal” the pressure will?

A

Higher

28
Q

The pressures down stream (distal) tend to be

A

Lower

29
Q

Pressures in the arteries of the right atrium

A

10 mmHg

30
Q

How does the kidneys change it’s vascular flow?

A

Adjusting it’s vascular resistance

31
Q

Why do we need pressure?

A

So we can have blood flow

32
Q

Are all the other pipes/tubes/vessels open all the time?

A

No, or else we won’t have any pressure.

33
Q

The higher the metabolic rate required in the tissues…..

A

The more volume we need and kidneys will recognize this.

34
Q

What is laminar flow?

A

the fluids in the middle flows the fastest and the fluids closer to the walls are met with resistance from the wall.

35
Q

The type of flow we want everywhere?

A

Laminar flow

36
Q

What is turbulent flow?

A

AKA disorderly flow, flow is bouncing everywhere.

37
Q

What happens with long term turbulent flow?

A

remodeling of blood vessels and cause things to get stuck like cholesterol, blood, and calcium.

38
Q

What causes turbulent flow or disorderly flow?

A

Usually there’s already a clot or blockage to begin with. Causing a “thumb over the hose tip” like movement.

39
Q

How much blood flow does the kidneys get per minute?

A

1.1L/min (20%)

40
Q

all organs are dependent on

A

Blood flow to function.

41
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

V = IR

42
Q

What is Delta pressure?

A

D Pressure = F x R

43
Q

Measure resistance by? equation

A

R = D Pressure / F

44
Q

Calculate the Resistance of the kidney.

F = 1000ml/min
D Pressure = 100-0

A

R = D Pressure / F
= 100-0 mmHg / 1000 ml/min
R = 0.1 mmHg/ml/min

45
Q

Conductance and resistance are

A

inverse of each other.

If resistance is high, conductance is low

AP Kidneys 2024 (9 decks)

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