Lecture 4 Final Flashcards
Considered as the long term manager of our BP
Kidneys
Chronic high BP can ruin kidneys by….
Obscuring how the kidney senses the increased BP in the system
How is the kidney a pH regulator? Normally for long term pH regulation
It produces bicarb by removing excess protons (H+) and how much bicarbonate to reabsorb in the body
What is considered a short term pH regulator?
the respiratory system by blowing off excess co2
How does the kidneys control RBC levels?
It controls the levels of HCT by its blood o2 sensors, if it’s low, it’ll produce erythropoietin to stimulate the bone marrow to create more RBCs
How is the kidney a longterm electrolyte regulator?
Ex. if you eat something high in Na, it’ll make you either retain more water or excrete Na in urine. For Ca++ it’ll decide how much to reabsorb as needed.
Kidneys and longterm blood glucose management
NML healthy person - filtered glucose are reabsorbed.
DM - excess glucose reabsorption are at max level, excess glucose excreted in urine.
Kidneys and drug clearance:
secretory process
Drugs we use will be metabolized in the liver and put in the kidneys for excretion.
DM and nitrogen compounds in the blood
excess nitrogen compounds in the blood known as urea are excreted by the kidneys.
T/F:
The kidney can also differentiate between Na and water reabsorption depending on the osmolarity levels. It will reabsorb either or both by the use of ADH.
True
Where does most of the regulation occur?
This is mostly done in the GFR.
List of renal blood vessels (biggest to smallest)
Renal artery > Segmental artery > interlobar artery > arcuate arteries > interlobular arteries
List the full renal blood vessels starting from the arteries down to the veins
Renal artery > Segmental artery > interlobar artery > arcuate arteries > interlobular arteries > afferent arterioles > glomerular capillaries > efferent arterioles > peritubular capillaries > interlobular veins > arcuate veins > interlobular veins > segmental veins > renal veins
What are the 2 types of nephrons
90%-95% (superficial) Cortex
5%-10% (Deep) Intermedulla
How many nephrons are there?
1M each kidney = 2M/person
At age 40 you start to lose some
T/F:
Deep nephrons known as inter medullary nephrons do not have their own peritubular capillaries.
FALSE:
They have their own peritubular capillaries but there’s fewer of them and less blood vessels.
Unequal; less descending and more ascending capillaries (splits into 2-3) used to slow down the velocity coming back up.
Why does the inter medullary capillaries have uneven descending/ascending vessels? What is the other name for this?
It has about 1 descending vessel that splits into 2-3 ascending to help decrease the velocity of blood flow. This allows the regulation of normal solute levels in the deep interstitium of the renal medulla.
AKA VASA RECTA
Why is the vasa recta sensitive to BP?
Since it’s only 5-10% of the capillary flow, it has limited supply of peritubular cap’s for reabsorption and o2 delivery to the deep tissues. Low BP/inadequate perfusion will greatly diminish the inner part of the kidneys and more prone to ischemia.
What is DVR and AVR?
DVR - descending vasa recta
AVR - ascending vasa recta
Where are the kidneys located?
below the diaphragm
What is the hepatic surface?
Right side of the renal that comes into contact with the liver
What is the right colic flexure surface?
It’s what comes into contact with the colon
