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AP Kidneys 2024 > Lecture 3 Final > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Final Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: The kidneys autoregulation blood flow is not perfect but it does it very well.

A

True

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2
Q

T/F: The imperfect autoregulation of the kidneys manages to keep it going for a long term.

A

True

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3
Q

In a healthy person, we should not be ____ any plasma colloids in the capillaries.

A

Losing

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4
Q

Due to loss of fluid in the capillaries at a rate of 125ml/min, what does that do to the venous side of the arteries?

A

More concentrated proteins inside and the new oncotic pressure is 36 mmHg.

starting from the arterial side, middle, venous side
(28mmHG > 32mmHg > 36mmHg)

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5
Q

What is the hydrostatic pressure inside the tubule?

A

18mmHg

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6
Q

Where does the glomerular capillaries send its filtered fluids?

A

Renal tubule

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7
Q

What is the protein osmotic pressure in the early part of the renal tubule?

A

0mmHg, Should not be any proteins if you’re healthy.

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8
Q

Are proteins in the renal tubule free floating?

A

No, they are tethered.

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9
Q

In a 30yo healthy person, what is the net filtration pressure in his
kidneys?

A

10mmHg

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10
Q

Formula for filtration rate (Kf)

A

Filtration rate = Kf (NFP)

125ml/min = Kf (10mmHG)

Kf = 12.5ml/min/mmHg

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11
Q

Where is the efferent arteriole located?

A

Right after the glomerular capillaries

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12
Q

What happens if the GFR is low? too high? What does the kidneys do?

A

Causes the efferent arteriole to constrict, causing a higher pressure in the glomerular capillaries and relaxes to lower the pressure.

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13
Q

What is the pressure at the end efferent arteriole?

A

18mmHg

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14
Q

The drop in pressure in the efferent arteriole is higher than the afferent arteriole.

A
  • 100mmHg > afferent arteriole > 60mmHg
  • 60mmHg > efferent arteriole > 18mmHg
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15
Q

What has the highest vascular resistance in the renal system?

A

Efferent arteriole

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16
Q

Where do most of the reabsorption occur?

A

Peritubular capillaries

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17
Q

How much of the filtered fluids are reabsorbed and excreted?

A

99% is reabsorbed and 1% is excreted from the body.

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18
Q

Where does reabsorption occur?

A

Through the cell wall of the renal tubule.

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19
Q

T/F: Everything that are reabsorbed goes through the cell wall of the renal tubule.

A

False, Sometimes small things travel in between the cells of the cell wall.

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20
Q

What makes up the renal interstitium?

A

The matrix (proteins, ions, electrolytes)

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21
Q

Where is the renal interstitium located?

A

Between the renal tubule and peritubular capillaries. (This is where reabsorption occurs)

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22
Q

After reabsorption in the peritubular capillaries occur, where does it go?

A

Back into the cardiovascular system

23
Q

What is the oncotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries and peritubular capillaries?

A

32mmHg; 32mmHg

24
Q

What is the pressure in the peritubular capillaries?

A

13mmHg

25
Q

What is the (Pi symbol ISF) osmotic pressure outside of the peritubular capillaries?

A
  • (Pi symbol ISF) 15mmHg
  • (Physical/ PISF) fluid pressure 6mmHg
26
Q

What is the NFP (net filtration pressure) and NRP (net reabsorption pressure) in the peritubular capillaries?

A

-10mmHg; 10mmHg

NRP = Pi CAP 32 + PISF 6 - Pi symbol ISF 15 - Pcap 13

27
Q

What is normal renal blood flow?

A

1.1L/min

28
Q

What is the normal CO for a healthy adult? How much plasma is filtered through the kidneys?

A

5L; 20% (1.1L)

29
Q

All of the stuff reabsorbed will travel back to the CV system via….

A

Renal vein

30
Q

Where does the renal tubule empty into?

A

Ureter and into the bladder

31
Q

If the kidney recognizes toxins, what odes it do?

A

Physically pumps (secretes) it into the renal tubule via specialized transporters in reverse reabsorption process.

(peritubular caps > matrix > renal tubule cell wall > renal tubule)

32
Q

Change in filtration fraction is dependent on the efferent arteriole action by….

A

If the efferent arteriole constricts > increase GFR

Efferent arteriole relaxes > decrease GFR

33
Q

What is the normal filtration percent?

A

20%

(equation) renal plasma flow
GFR / RPF (125ml/min / 660ml/min)

34
Q

What is our plasma volume out of the 1100 ml?

A

660 (1100 x 60%)

35
Q

What is our HCT out of the 1100 ml?

A

440 (1100 x 40%)

36
Q
  • What down stream effect happens if the afferent arteriole constricts > glomerular pressure is low?
  • Afferent arteriole relaxes > glomerular pressures is High?
A

GFR is low > decrease renal blood flow

GFR is high > increase renal blood flow

37
Q

What if the efferent arteriole constricts?

If the efferent arteriole is relaxed

A

Glomerular pressure is high > GFR is high > increase renal blood flow

Glomerular pressure decrease > reduce GFR > decrease renal blood flow

38
Q

In a healthy individual, autoregulation of the renal system can have pressures of

A

50-150mmHg

39
Q

Autoregulation in the kidneys can prevent…

A

under perfusion and over perfusion

40
Q

What are the risks if our renal autoregulation didn’t work?

A

We would lose massive amounts of fluid.

41
Q

If we had a stroke and renal auto regulations isn’t functioning properly, what happens?

A

Our body wouldn’t be able to perfuse the area of damage in the brain d/t increase UOP.

42
Q

What is normal UOP?

A

1ml/min

43
Q

auto regulation without RAAS
High BP leads to… (renal system)

Low BP?

A

High GFR > High UOP > lower BP

Low GFR > Low UOP > increase BP

44
Q

In a normal person, what route does glucose follow in the renal system?

A

Filtration with complete reabsorption in PCT

45
Q

In a normal person, what route does sodium follow in the renal system?

A

Filtration with partial reabsorption in PCT

46
Q

What is para-aminohippuric acid (PAH)?

A

This is when everything that was filtered is eventually secreted in the tubule.

This is also used to diagnose and estimate renal blood flow. (more renal PAH in the urine = high renal blood flow) vice versa

47
Q

What are fenestrations

A

glomerular openings in the endothelium

48
Q

What provides structural support to the capillary bed?

A

Epithelium (podocytes). Have foot openings called slit pores.

49
Q

Inside the basement membrane of the kidneys are negatively charged to help….

A

repel other negatively charged proteins from floating out of the fenestrations.

50
Q

What happens to the glomerular capillaries if exposed to chronic HTN (SBP 200s)

A

glomerular capillaries are blown out.

51
Q

What are dextrans?

A

real big hetastarch. used to check renal filtration size and charge.

  • increase size, negative charge = less filterable
  • small in size, positive charge = filterable
52
Q

Example of filterable substances

A

Water
Na+
Urea
glucose
sucrose
inulin
myoglobin - rare
albumin - not normal/never

53
Q

What is inulin?

A

synthetic compound given as an injectable that provides a more accurate GFR with urine collection.

AP Kidneys 2024 (9 decks)

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