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Anatomy Module I > Lecture 8 - Cardiovascular System and Blood > Flashcards

Lecture 8 - Cardiovascular System and Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Hematopoesis

A

Formation of blood cells.

Done by the yolk sac -> Liver -> bone barrow through development

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2
Q

Pluripotent Hemetopoetic Stem Cells

A

Stem cell for all blood cells and fragments

Be able to ID the megakaryoctye

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3
Q

How can blood be considered a Connective Tissue

A

The plasma is the ECM

The Cells is the RBC

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4
Q

Megakaryocyte

A

Very large cell near a sinus
has a polyploidy nucleus
Cells not considered mature until they leave themarrow

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5
Q

What color do platelets tain, H and E stain

A

Purple

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6
Q

Blood Composition

A

Plasma - Water, Proteins (Albumin), Nutrients
Buffy Coat - WBC and platelets
RBC

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7
Q

Erythrocytes (how they stain, properties)

A

Stain Eosinophillic because hemoglobin is positive
Anucleuated
Lifespan 120 days
Get stuck and destroyed in the spleen

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8
Q

Biconcave Allows

A

Increase gas exchange and increase surface area

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9
Q

Size of RBC

A

7.5 micrometers so can be used to measure nearby

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10
Q

How Hemoglobin is Recycled

A

Recycled in Spleen
Heme -> goes to liver for excretion
Iron -> recycled in liver

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11
Q

White Blood Cell Classification (two broad ones)

A

Granulocyte - cells with specific granules with function
Agranulocytes - Granules that it has do not have specific function
ID TIP - Look at nucleus then cytoplasm

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12
Q

Order of frequency of WBC

A

Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Eosinophil, Basophil

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13
Q

Neutrophil (nucleus and granule type)

A

Granulocyte
two -Five lobed nucleus
cytoplasm granules
- specific granules - are bacteriolytic enzymes (dont stain)
- azurophilic granules - stain a little purple, are non specific lysozyme
- Tertiary granules = facilitate movement through Connective tissue

ID - See multilobed nucleus, and not staining cytoplasm

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14
Q

Eosinophils (nucleus and Granule Type)

A

Granulocyte

Two - three lobed nucleus
Granules stain color of RBC (pink)
Granules
- eosinic granules - involved in parasite infection stain pink
- Axurophilic granules - non specific for breaking bacteria

ID - Look for the pink cytoplasm and bilobed nucleus

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15
Q

Basophils (nucleus and Granule Type)

A 
Granulocyte
Cannot See nucleus 
Granules
Dark Basophilic granules - releases histamin and heparin - specific 
Also Azurophillic Granules

ID - look for the dark staining all of cell

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16
Q

Monocytes (nucleus and Granule Type)

A

Agranulocyte
largest cell in peripheral
Nucleus is kidney shape located not in the middle
Some grandules not specific

** when migrates to connective tissue becomes a macrophage **

ID - look for kidney

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17
Q

Lymphocytes (nucleus and Granule Type)

A

Agranulocyte
Very Large nucleus centered and circular
cannot see the granules

ID - the nucleus takes up most of the cytoplasm it is huge

18
Q

Which WBC are agranulocytes and which are granulocytes

A

Agranulocytes - Monocytes and Lymphocytes

Granulocytes - Eosionophils, Neutrophils Basophils `

19
Q

The three Layers of the Heart

A

Epicardium, Myocardium and endocardium

20
Q

Epicardium

A

Serous Membrane (Therefore contains mesothelium and Connective tissue)
It is the outer surface of the heart
Attaches to the paracardial cavity -
location of major blood vessels

21
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscle layer of the heart in the middle. Note this is the layer that changes between the two ventricles

22
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner membrane of the heart
it is endothelium with connective tissue
it is the location of conducting system

23
Q

Layers of the Heart going from inside to the outside of the Pericardial cavity

A

Endocardium -> Myocardium -> Epicardium (AKA visceral pericardium) -> Pericardial Cavity - > Pariaital Pericardium (another serous membrane with mesothelium and CT) -> Fibrous pericardium

visceral - means on the organ side
Pariaital - means on the cavity side

24
Q

Tunica Intima

A

Inner Layer is endothelium, has a basement membrane

All vessels have this layer

25
Q

Tunica Media

A

Smooth Muscle in the middle - modified the most in vessels

26
Q

Tunica Adventitia

A

Connective tissue on the outside layer. Type I collagen

27
Q

Endothelium

A

It is the tunica intima
All vessels are lined with this and it is special simple squamos cells
That lay parallel to the long axis
is semipermeable

28
Q

Elastic Arteries

A

Sheets of Elastic Fivers are found in the tunica Media
Elastic Stain very pale in eosinophil
Wavvy wavvy vessels
Smaller blood vessels actually will nourish the vessel itself

29
Q

Muscular Arteries

A

Has less pale with some elastic fibers but not many

Replaced by the smooth muscle in the tunica media

30
Q

Arteriole

A

smaller Muscular
Has one to 3 layers of smooth muscle in the tunica Media
(ID look at the nucleus)

31
Q

Capillary

A 
Only endothelial ( Tunica Intima) with basement membrane
Identify by looking if one RBC could pass through. Very thin
32
Q

3 Types of Capillarys

A

Continuous - Has tight junctions sealing the endothelial.
Fenestration - In kidneys allows some thing to go through based on side
Sinusoidal - has huge gaps between cells so lots of things get out

33
Q

Venules

A

Diameter is larger for vein than capillary
thin walled Endothelium with basement membrane
Run next to arteriole
Larger than the arterioles nearby

34
Q

Capillary Beds

A

smooth muscle sphincters are located before it in the arterioles to shunt blood

35
Q

Veins

A

Veins have valves - which are extensions of the tunica intima.
There is a thin tunica media
Adventitia is well developed

36
Q

Large Veins

A

Actually see longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle in the adventitia
We still see the inner circular muscle in the tunica media though also

37
Q

Lymphatic System

A

System from the interstitual fluid from the capillaries that drains back to the heart
Location of many white blood cells
Filled with debris and products and pathogens that will travel though nodes on its way
it is unidirectionl with vavles
Vessels are single layer thin walled anchored by filaments and elastin

38
Q

Blind Ended System

A

It starts in the periphery the lymphatics and then go back to enter the heart

39
Q

Thoracic Trunk

A

Very Large part of lymphatic draining the entire left side of the body

40
Q

Right Lymphatic trunk

A

Drains the upper right quadrant including head and neck lymphatic system

Anatomy Module I (9 decks)

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