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Anatomy Module I > Lecture 7 - Immune System > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Non-Specific (Innate Immunity)

A

Pre existing defenses
Physical barriers, chemical defense
Neutrophils eosinophils basophils monocytes macrophages

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2
Q

Adaptive immunity ( Specific Immunity)

A

For when innate immunity fails
B and T cells
More powerful

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3
Q

Autoimmune Disease

A

Is a hyperactive immune response. Can cause an attack on a specific cell organ or be systematic and attack multiple bodies

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4
Q

Pemphigus Vulgaris

A

Separates basal epithelium from epithelium in oral stratified squamus non-keratinized
Affects holding together of junctions

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5
Q

Sjorgren Syndrome

A

Targets and destroys glands
Like salivary glands and tears
We see fibrotic tissues fill spots
Xerostomia cause

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6
Q

T-Lymphocyte

A

born in marrow and gains immunocompetance in thymus

must gain receptors to recognize self

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7
Q

B-lymphocyte

A

born in the marrow and gain immunocompetance in the blone marrow
They come upon antigen and mounts response

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8
Q

Plasma Cells

A

B lymphocytes sees a antigen becomes a plasma cell and releases antibodies in a tone to recognize and coat

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9
Q

MEmory Cells

A

A plasma cell differentiates in to the this so that you can have a quick secondary response
It will float around forever to be ready for another attack and produce the same antibodies

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10
Q

Nature Killer Cells

A

Recognize transformed cells like tumors that are proliferating. Then causes apoptosis

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11
Q

Macrophage

A

Derived from Monocytes
when monocyte goes in to connective tissue
engulf bad things and present their antigen to lymphocytes

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12
Q

Antigen Presenting Cell (APC)

A

macrophage is one. (Dust Cells in lungs, and Kupffer in LiveR)

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13
Q

Neutrophils

A

First line of defense

phagocytose antigens and destroy and digest

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14
Q

Eosinophils

A

Found in CT
Blood as root seen in digestion and respiratory
large eosinophilic residues
recognize paraiste and engulf to destroy and digest
mediate inflame

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15
Q

Mast Cells

A 
like basophils but different stem cells
located in connective tissue 
stains realy dark purple cant see nucleus 
granules release histamine and heperin
histamine dilates permeability 
and heparin stops clotting
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16
Q

Basophils

A

very rare
located in the blood cell
also release histamine and heprin

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17
Q

Dendritic Cell

A

antigen presentinc cell with long projections in an area of t cells

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18
Q

Langerhans Cells

A

Specific dendritic cell in epithelium

Walk along the skin to phagocytose and migrate to lymph to present to T lymphocyte

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19
Q

Lymph Organs are split into Two groups

A

Primary and Secondary

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20
Q

Primary Lymph Organs

A

independent of Proliferation
B or T dont need exposure to proliferate
Bone MArrow and Thymus

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21
Q

Secondary Lymph Organs

A

Lymphoscytes need exposure to proliferate
Lymph nodes, spleen, lymph nodules
MALT - mucosa associated lymph tissues

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22
Q

Thymus

A

t lymphocyte maturation.
Slowly replaced by fat cells
Involution - the process of becoming fat
Liver takes over when fatty

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23
Q

Involution

A

Process of fat taking over the lymphatic

happens in the thymus

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24
Q

Parenchymal Cells

A

Functional Cells of an organ

all organs have parenchymal cells

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25
Q

Stroma Cells

A

all organs have stroma cells they are the support cells of the organ

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26
Q

What is the parenchymal Cell of the thymus

A

Thymocytes AKA T - CELLS

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27
Q

What is the stroma cells of the thymus

A

Epithelioreticular cells

THESE are not reticular but they act like it in terms of structure

28
Q

Thymus Devisions

A

Cortex and Medulla

29
Q

Thymus Cortex

A

Outer space
Location of most Thymocyte maturing
But most dont make it an are destroyed

30
Q

Thymus Medulla

A

inner space
more blood vessels
location of hassels corpuscle (stains lighter)

31
Q

hassels corpuscle

A

a swirl of epithelioreticular cells helping in maturation

Round and eosinophillic

32
Q

What divided the cortex and medulla

A

Epithelioreticular Cells

33
Q

Path of Thymocyte

A

Signal by epithelial reticular cells to migrate form marrow through blood in to thymus through medulla
go from medulla out to outer side of cortex
then mature on way back or destroyed
mature T lymph is released to circulation

34
Q

Roles of Epithelial Reticular Cells

A

Protect blood thymus barrier
forms capsule structure
involved in maturation of T cells - help self non self recognition
phagocytose problem cells
Compartmentalize Cortex in to sections for education

35
Q

Mucosa Associated Lymphatic tissue

A

Clusters of B or T cells in regions of mucosalyer. Just below epithelium and connective tissue
Split in to Diffuse MALT, and Organized MALT
Found in areas where the outside world meets the inside

36
Q

Diffuse MALT

A

No capsule or organization or structure there just many lymphocytes

37
Q

ORganized Malt

A

Organized in a structure, may or may not have capsule

They have germinal Center and mantle zone

38
Q

Lymphatic Nodule

A

A Organized Malt
Lacks A capsule
Function - Is to produce T and B cells in localized area because they are located at these sites
It is a not a filter or located along the lymphatic vessels

39
Q

ORganization of organized MALT

A

Germinal Center - lighter staining pale because have immature lymphocytes. Immature because have not received an antigen to proliferate
Mantle zone - dark outside layer of mature lymph
- mature because receive antigen to proliferate

40
Q

Examples of organized Malt

A

Tonsils
Peyers Patches
Vermiform

41
Q

Tonsil

A

Have folds called crypts to increase surface area

Inside the nodule is B cells and around it is T cells

42
Q

Peyers Patches

A

Localized distal on small intestine in the ileum
Note 12-15 nodules
B cells are inside the of the nodules
T Cells are on the outside

43
Q

Vermiform Appendix

A

Considered MALT
Cross Section surrounded by nodules
More nodules than peyers patches
These nodules are located in the connective tissue

44
Q

Lymph Node Function

A

Filter for Lymphatic Fluid progresses to blood system

45
Q

Afferent Vessels

A

Take Fluid in to the node (through the capsule)

46
Q

Path of Lymph through Lymph node

A

Through Afferent Vessels -> Subcapsular sinus -> then through the trebeculaer (which follows CT trebeculae) -> Then medullary sinus - > then out through hillum on the efferent side

47
Q

Path of Blood through a lymph node

A

Goes in through the artery and and leaved by veins all through the through the hillum

48
Q

What is the Capsule

A

Dense CT surrounding Node

49
Q

Stroma in the Lymph Nodes

A

Reticular Fibers Form reticular Support of organ

50
Q

High Endothelial Venules

A

Is how lymphocytes enter the lymph nodes

These vessels are lined with cuboidal or columnar epithelial

51
Q

Lymph Node is divided into two parts

A

Cortex and Medulla

52
Q

Cortex has what two parts

A

Superficial and Deep paracortex

53
Q

Superficial Cortex

A

Just below the capsule

Consists of Lymphatic Nodules B lymphocytes and Macrophages, Plasma cells and reticular cells

54
Q

Paracortex - the Deep inner Cortex

A

does not have nodules. Location of T cells

55
Q

The Medulla is Split in to what two parts

A

Medullary Cords, and MEdullary Sinuses

Medullary Sinuses surround medullary cords

56
Q

Medullary Cords

A

location of B lymphocytes and Macrophages and plasma cells

57
Q

Medullary Sinuses

A

surrounds the medullary cords and drain in to the efferent lymph vessels

58
Q

Spleen Function

A

Immune Response - in white pulp
Destroy Aged RBC - in red blood cells
MONITERS BLOOD NOT LYMPH

59
Q

Splenic Artery

A

Brings a huge amount of blood to the thing

60
Q

Path of blood through the Spleen

A

Splenic Artery-> breachens in to trebecular arteries - > that enter white pump via central artery -> these branch to splenic sinuses which lead splenic vein

61
Q

Splenic Chords

A

They contain reticular cells and reticular fibers, erythrocytes, platelets and WBC

62
Q

White Pulp is divided in to three

A

Periaarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) - T lymph. around central artery
Lymphoid Nodule - Of spleen is B cells
Marginal Zone - surround nodule markes border of white and red blood - filled with macrophage

63
Q

Red Pulp is made of what (2 regions)

A

Splenic chords

Spleinic Sinus

64
Q

splenic Sinus

A

We have endothelial long cells
with reticular fivers circuling the cell perpindicular to form a small space to test to see if RBC is healthy
if it cant get through to the splenic sinus
NOTE that it is endothelial and basement membrane

65
Q

Pathway of blood through spleen

A

Spleinc Artery Trebecular Artery goes throuhg central artery
flow of blood through white pulp is first
then through red pulp through splenic sinus to the.

Anatomy Module I (9 decks)

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