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Anatomy Module I > Lecture 4 - Epithelium and Glands > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - Epithelium and Glands Flashcards

1
Q

The Seven Functions of Epithelium

A 
Protection
Absorption
Transcellular Transport
Selective Permeability
Surface Transport
Secretion
Sensation
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2
Q

Two Forms of Epithelia

A

In Epithelia As Sheets

In Glands Derived

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3
Q

Mesothelia

A

Membrane lining outer surface of cavity or organ

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4
Q

Serosa

A

Lines many regions of intestines CONSISTS OF MESOTHELIUM AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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5
Q

Endothelium

A

Lining internal surface of heart lymph, or blood vessels

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6
Q

Epithelium Always has

A

Basement Membrane

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7
Q

Characterisistics of Epithelium

A 
Surface Sheet
Avascular
Decreased ECM
Dynamic
Polarized (oriented)
Cell Surface specialized
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8
Q

Free Vs Attached Epithelial

A

for a sheet the free is free on the lumen, and the attached is attached

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9
Q

Luminal and Abluminal Epithelial

A

Luminal is on the lumen and abluminal base

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10
Q

Apical, Lateral, and Basal, on a epithelial Cell

A

Apical is on the luminal side
Basal is on the basement membrane
Lateral is middle

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11
Q

Apical Surface Specializations (Name 3)

A

Microvilli, Cilia, Steriocilia

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12
Q

Microvilli

A

Increase SA, Function in Absorption, covered in glycolyx rich in Carbohydrates

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13
Q

How To Stain for Microvilli

A

PAS Stain (rich in carbohydrates)

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14
Q

Cilia

A

Longer than microvilli, help in moving substances across the surface

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15
Q

Steriocilia

A

Very long processes

only in male reproductive system and inner ear

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16
Q

Lateral junctional complexes (List the three)

A

Tight Junctions
Adhering Junctions
Gap Junctions

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17
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Seals Adjacent Cells

Keep transmembrane proteins from floating from the side they are on

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18
Q

Adhering Junctions (Two TypeS)

A

Generally mechanical stability and unity
Zonula Adherens - formed by transcellular proteins
Macula Adherens - formed by plaques and specialized filaments

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19
Q

Difference of Tight Junctions and Adherens

A

Tight Junctions cut the lumen away from the rest, and keep specializations in that area
Adherens hold things tight together

20
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Specialized Area Allows Cell Cell Communication, passage of small molecules

21
Q

Basement Membrane (two Parts)

A

Basal Lamina

lamina reticularis

22
Q

Basal Lamina (produced by and what collagen)

A

Made by Epithelia has type IV collagen

23
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

Anchor the basal lamina to the epithelia

24
Q

Lamina Reticularis (produced by and what collagen)

A

Like the pad of the rug
manufactured by connective tissue
type III Collagen

25
Q

Basal Infoldings

A

Infolding of the basal region of the cell
Increases Surface Area
Seen in places of transport
Site of pumps and mitochondria
visually looks like striations with mitochondria

26
Q

The Two Basal Cell surface specializations

A

Basal Infoldings and Basement membrane

27
Q

Pseudostratified Epithelium

A

Appears Stratified but is really one later, and they all attach to the basement membrane

28
Q

Simple Squamus (two Examples)

A

Cells so flat, any thickness is nucleus bulging into the lumen
ex// endothelium and mesothelium

29
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

Seen in ducts of glands for secretion and absorption

30
Q

Simple Columnar

A

Used for absorption and Secretion
Often with microvilli
located in the GI

31
Q

Stratified Squamous Non-keratinized

A

See nucleus in outer most layer

not hardened by karatin so maintains moist surface and protects underlying

32
Q

Stratified Squamous Keratinized

A

Cytoplasm filled with keratin. Make rougher surface adds layer of protection
no nuclei (shed)
ex// Skin and tongue

33
Q

Pseudostratified

A

Often ciliated
found in respiratory system
only columnar reach surface

34
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A

Located Exclusive in urinary tract
when relaxed its cuboidal, when stretched its squamous
walls of bladder

35
Q

Metaplasia

A

Reversible change of epithelia type to other

36
Q

Dysplasia

A

Disordered growth leading to neoplasm

37
Q

Neoplasia

A

New Growth of tissue and increase in number of cells

38
Q

carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of epithlelium tissue

39
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

malignant tumor of glandular epithelial tissue

40
Q

Gland Formation

A

Originally were epithelial tissue and then becomes gland through invagination. Can be unicellular or multicellular

41
Q

Exocrine Gland

A

Maintains contact with epithelial and secrete through duct

42
Q

Endocrine Gland

A

Ducltess secrete hormones usually
distribute thorugh the blood
removes contact with epithelial
gets invaded by blood vessels

43
Q

Exocrine and Endocrine where it secretes

A

Exocrine - secrete apically

Endocrine Secrete basally

44
Q

Merocrine

A

Secretion from Exocrine via exocytosis

45
Q

Apocrine

A

Small Portions of cytoplasm release with product

46
Q

Holocrine

A

Secretory cell is destroyed, whole cell becomes part of product

47
Q

Serous vs Mucous Secretion

A

Serous is watery and often enzymes

Mucous is viscous with glycoprotein content

Anatomy Module I (9 decks)

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