Lecture 8-Archaea and Bacteria

Question 1

What are the 3 individual structures of prokaryotes

Answer 1

Coccus (Sphere)
Bacillus (Rod)
Spiral

Question 2

Purpose of cell wall?

Answer 2

Maintains shape, protects cell, prevents bursting in hypotonic environment

Question 3

What is the capsule?

Answer 3

Built of polysaccharides or proteins, outside cell wall, protects host. Can attach through substrate or formation of colony

Question 4

what is thePurpose of fimbriae and pili?

Answer 4

“Hair-like” appendages used for attachment.

Question 5

How is the endospore formed?

Answer 5

1. Chromosome duplicated
2. Encased with essential components. (Enzymes, etc.)
3. Water removed
4. Lysis releases endospore.

Question 6

Define transformation

Answer 6

Uptake of naked foreign DNA from environment

Question 7

Define transduction

Answer 7

Viruses that infect bacteria transfer DNA from one host to another

Question 8

Define conjugation

Answer 8

Direct transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another

Question 9

What are F+ and F-?

Answer 9

F+= donor of F factor
F-= recipient of F factor
F factor is plasmid or chromosomal