Lecture 17&18-Energy acquisition

Question 1

What are Autotrophs, Heterotrophs, Phototrophs, Chemotrophs?

Answer 1

Autotrophs: Get carbon from inorganic matter (non-living)
Heterotroph: Organic source of carbon
Phototroph: Obtain energy from light
Chemotroph: Obtain energy from chemical bonds

Question 2

What is PAR?

Answer 2

Photosynthetically Available Radiation

Question 3

Efficiency of Photosynthesis?

Answer 3

roughly 81%

Question 4

Percentage of energy passed down food web?

Answer 4

roughly 10% of energy is passed to consumers

Question 5

Four stages of processing food?

Answer 5

1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Elimination

Question 6

4 forms of feeders?

Answer 6

1. Suspension/Filter feeders (e.g. Whales)
2. Substrate feeders: Live in their food source (e.g. a worm)
3. Fluid feeders (e.g. Mosquito)
4. Bulk feeders (e.g. Pythons)

Question 7

Types of dentition?

Answer 7

Herbivores: Broad molars built for grinding
Carnivores: Large incisors and canines built to shred
Omnivores: In the middle

Question 8

What is a gastrovascular cavity?

Answer 8

One opening for food and feces, in simple animals.

Question 9

What is an alimentary canal?

Answer 9

Two openings for food movement, more common.

Question 10

What are macro- and micronutrients?

Answer 10

Macronutrients: Required in large amount
Micronutrients: Required on small amount

Question 11

How to obtain essential minerals?

Answer 11

Through diet