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BOT*2100 > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a protoplast

A

a plant cell without a cell wall

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2
Q

what is a callus

A

a mass of undifferentiated cells which may either continue dividing or undergo differentiation

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3
Q

what makes the plant cell change from spherical to oval

A

secretion of a cell wall by the protoplast

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4
Q

what is cellulose

A

complex linear polysaccharide polymer made up of glucose monomers
- major component of the cell wall

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5
Q

what is a microfibril

A

several cellulose chains arranged in parallel arrays

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6
Q

what is cellulose synthase

A

rosette structures complex at the plasma membrane that moves as it extrudes microfibrils

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7
Q

what is hemi-cellulose

A

smaller chains of cellulose which help link together the microfibrils and other components of the cell wall

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8
Q

what is pectin

A

sticky, acidic, heteropolysaccharide that binds various cell wall components together
- it is this which helped keep single celled primitive plant cell things together (first lecture)

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9
Q

what is the primary cell wall (PCW)

A

characteristic feature of every cell that is able to divide and differentiate and facilitates cell expansion and elongation

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10
Q

what is parenchyma tissue

A

cells with thin, flexible cell walls

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11
Q

what are secondary cell walls

A

primary cell walls which have laid down internal subsequent cell wall layers and are largely cellulosic to increase structural rigidity

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12
Q

what is collenchyma tissue

A

strategic points of layering of the PCW which gives rise to different levels of strength and flexibility

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13
Q

what is lignin

A

a complex, hydrophobic, phenolic polymer which aids in structural rigidity of the cell wall

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14
Q

what is growth

A

irreversible increase in size due to division and enlargement

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15
Q

what is development

A

growth and differentiation occurring over time

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16
Q

what is morphogenesis

A

the genesis and development of morphology (form)

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17
Q

is a strict embryonic lineage maintained during post-germinative development

A

no

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18
Q

what is totipotency

A

cells can go back to being meristematic after differentiating (unlike eukaryotic stem cells)

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19
Q

how is plant growth under normal conditions

A

modular (zygote develops into a unit which produces more units like itself)

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20
Q

what is the protoderm

A

epidermis

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21
Q

what is the procambium

A

vascular tissue

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22
Q

what is the ground meristem

A

pith and cortex

23
Q

what is the tunica

A

outer layers (L1 and L2) created mainly by anticlinal divisions

24
Q

what is the corpus

A

Layer 3 (L3), made by periclinal divisions

25
Q

what is the central zone

A

the pro-meristem and shows infrequent division. It is surrounded by the peripheral zone

26
Q

what is the peripheral zone

A

gives rise to leaf primordial

27
Q

what causes stem elongation

A

internode elongation

28
Q

what causes stem thickening

A

periclinal divisions and cell enlargement

29
Q

what is the lamina

A

leaf blade

30
Q

what is the petiole

A

stalk, connects the blade to the stem

31
Q

what is a sessile leaf

A

when the petiole is absent, leaf forms a sheath

32
Q

what are stipules

A

scale-like or green leafy appendages at the base of some leaves

33
Q

what is a dorsiventral leaf

A

then upper and lower surfaces can be told apart

34
Q

what is a isobilateral leaf

A

when it isn’t possible to distinguish between the two sides of the leaf

35
Q

what is adaxial

A

the side of the leaf adjacent to the axis

36
Q

what is abaxial

A

the side of the leaf facing away from the axis

37
Q

what is phyllotaxy

A

pattern of organ initiation at the shoot apex or the arrangement of leaves on the stem

38
Q

alternate arrangement

A

single leaves at each node and alternating along the sides of the stem (ex grasses)

39
Q

decussate/ opposite arrangement

A

leaves arranged with each succeeding pair at right angles to the pairs below and above them (ex maple)

40
Q

what is whorled

A

when several leaves appear to arise from one node

41
Q

what is spiral

A

alternately arranged leaves in which each succeeding node and attached leaf is rotated slightly (ex aloe)

42
Q

what is rosette

A

leaves arranged in a cluster near the soil at the base of the plant (ex dandelion)

43
Q

what is heteroblasty

A

plants which exhibit major differences between young and mature leaves

44
Q

what is a phyllode

A

flattened leaf stalk/petiole that looks like a leaf

45
Q

what is heterophyllous

A

leaves of different sizes or shapes on the same plant

46
Q

what is phyllocade/cladode

A

flattened stem that take over leaf functions (cactus)

47
Q

what are pavement cells

A

large epidermal cells

48
Q

what are trichomes

A

epidermal hair

49
Q

what contains chloroplasts

A

palisade layer of mesophyll, guard cells, epidermal pavement cells

50
Q

what is the venation in dicots vs monocots

A

reticulate in dicots, parallel in most monocots

51
Q

what is the midrib

A

largest vein along the long axis of the leaf which forms a ridge on the abaxial side

52
Q

what is the bundle sheath

A

layers of compact cells around the veins

53
Q

what is kranz anatomy

A

a wreath like arrangement of photosynthetic cells around the veins in leaves which creates a bundle sheath and creates a low O2 environment due to being surrounded by a layer of mesophyll cells, it is characteristic of C4 plants

54
Q

what is the palisade layer of leaves

A

it is made up of tightly packed columnar cells that contain chloroplasts and are the main spot for photosynthesis

BOT*2100 (8 decks)

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