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BOT*2100 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are nymphaeceae and magnoliaceae

A

the primitive angiosperm families

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2
Q

what are tepals

A

flowers where the sepal and petals are indistinguishable

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3
Q

what is the carpel

A

the female reproductive structure (like the pistil), collectively form the gynoecium

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4
Q

how do carpels develop in the primitive angiosperms (nymphaeceae and magnoliaceae)

A

they form into a woody bonelike aggregate of seed breaking follicles

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5
Q

what is the aril

A

the fleshy red outer layer of the seeds of nymphaeaceae and magnoliaceae

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6
Q

what is the gynoecium

A

the female reproductive structure of a flower, composed of the carpels

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7
Q

what is the androecium

A

the male part of a flower, made up of the stamens

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8
Q

what is the corolla

A

the petals collectively

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9
Q

what is the calyx

A

the sepals collectively

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10
Q

what is the receptacle

A

the part of a flower stalk where all the parts of the flower are attached

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11
Q

what is a hypogynous flower

A

same as a superior ovary

- a flower in which the stamens, sepals, and petals are attached to the receptacle at a point below the ovary

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12
Q

what is a perigynous flower

A

same as a half-anterior ovary
- the sepals, petals and stamen are attached to the rim of a hypanthium that surrounds but is not fused to the ovary wall

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13
Q

what is the hypanthium

A

the floral tube, formed by fusion of the bases of the sepals, petals, androecium and loosely surrounding or united with the gynoecium

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14
Q

what is an epigynous flower

A

same as an inferior ovary

- the sepals, petals, and stamen are attached to the hypanthium above the ovary

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15
Q

in a perfect flower, how are the floral parts (both sterile and fertile) arranged

A

in four whorls

  • outermost is the sepals
  • second whorl is the petals
  • third whorl is the stamens
  • fourth whorl is the gynoecium (pistil comprising of two fused carpels)
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16
Q

what are hermaphrodite flower

A

perfect/complete flowers whose flowers have both male and female parts (sepals and petals not considered)

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17
Q

what are incomplete flowers

A

flowers with only female or male structures; flower is either staminate or carpellate (pistillate)

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18
Q

monoecious

A

if the separate male (staminate) and female (pistillate) flowers are on the same plant

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19
Q

dioecious

A

when male and female flowers occur on separate plants and create separate male and female plants

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20
Q

what inflorescence

A

flowers arranged in clusters

- either monopodial or sympodial

21
Q

what is the difference between monopodial in sympodial

A
  • monopodial show indeterminate (open) growth with lateral flowers growing from a terminal bud
  • sympodial shows closed growth where the terminal bud dies and flowers grow from lateral buds, the terminal flower matures first
22
Q

what is the difference between peduncle and pedicle

A

peduncle is the stalk the inflorescence grow from and the pedicle is the stalk of the flower

23
Q

what is a bract

A

the leaf associated with inflorescence

24
Q

what is the acropetal vs basipetal

A

acropetal - towards tip

basipetal - towards base

25
Q

what does sessile mean

A

fixed in one place, unmoving

26
Q

what are pappus

A 
modified calyx (collectively refers to the sepals) 
- think dandelion seeds
27
Q

what is protandry

A

when the anthers and pollen mature before the stigma

28
Q

what is an achene

A

a small, dry, one seeded fruit that does not open to release the seed (think strawberry seed)

29
Q

what is racemose/ raceme

A

inflorescence with separate flowers connected by short stalks at equal distance along a central stem

30
Q

ament or catkin

A

unisexual flowers arranged around central drooping axis

31
Q

what is verticillaster

A
  • dichasial cyme

- nearly sessile (fixed) clusters of flowers arranged as whorls around an axis

32
Q

involucre

A

a cup shape which is made by fused bracts (leaves associated with inflorescence)

33
Q

describe fig structure

A

hollow, flask shaped inflorescence lined inside with little apetalous, unisexual flowers

34
Q

what is the difference between male and female flowers of a fig

A

male: 1-5 stamens
female: single pistil (gynoecium) with either a long or short style

35
Q

what is the difference between caprifig and edible fig

A

caprifig are male trees and edible figs are female trees

36
Q

what is a syconium

A

fleshy hollow recepticle that develops into a multiple fruit as in a fig

37
Q

what are the lemma and palea

A

hardened, modified stems with the lemma being larger than the palea, and the lemma has a pointed tip called the awn

38
Q

lodicule

A

small green or white scale below the ovary of a grass flower that opens/closes the spikelet

39
Q

spikelet

A

the rice flower

40
Q

what is the example of bracts appearing petal like

A

the poinsettia

41
Q

what is the anther

A

the top of the stamen

42
Q

how is the anther divided

A

into pollen sacs called microsporangia

43
Q

what is a locule

A

a chamber in which microspores (pollen) are produced

44
Q

what is the tapetum

A

inner specialized nutritive layer of cells located between sporangenous tissue and the outer anther wall

45
Q

what is microsporogenesis

A

haploid single celled pollen grain protoplasts formed which gain an exile and intine wall to form the microspore (pollen grain)

46
Q

what is the difference between a protoplast and pollen grain

A

protoplasts are plant cells (pollen grain cells) without a cell wall and pollen grains have exile and intine membranes which develop after the protoplast develops

47
Q

what is the other name for a vegetative cell

A

the tube cell

48
Q

what was the takeaway from the “grace” image

A

stigma cells may be papillate and exhibit tip growth

BOT*2100 (8 decks)

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