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BOT*2100 > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what roles does a fruit play in the life cycle of an angiosperm

A

protection of seeds, dispersal of seed (abiotic and biotic)

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2
Q

what is the placenta

A

portion of the ovary where ovules originate to and which they remain attached after fertilization

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3
Q

what is the parietal arrangement of seeds

A

ovules borne on ovary wall or its extension

- mustard, cucumber

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4
Q

what is the axile arrangement of seeds

A

ovules borne on central tissue in a partitioned ovary with as many locules (sections) as the carpels
- citrus, tomato, okra

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5
Q

what is the free central arrangement of seeds

A

ovules borne on central tissue not connected to ovary wall

- bell pepper

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6
Q

what is the marginal arrangement of seeds

A

placenta formed as a ridge along ventral suture of ovary. ovules borne in two rows
- beans, peas

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7
Q

what is basal arrangement of seeds

A

placentation in a unilocular ovary

- sunflower

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8
Q

what are cotyledons

A

embryonic leaves, different from a post germinative true leaf

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9
Q

differentiate between monocots and dicot embryos

A

monocots have one cotyledons, dicots have two cotyledons

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10
Q

what happens in many dicots

A

the nutritive endosperm gets used up by the developing embryo and results in large cotyledons as food stores

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11
Q

what is different about endospermic dicots

A

they have thin cotyledons

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12
Q

what is the epicotyl vs hypocotyl

A

epicotyl above cotyledon; is stemlike with one of more leaves, the hypocotyl is stemlike portion between the primary shoot and primary root

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13
Q

what is the poaceae family

A

includes some grasses such as wheat, rice, maize

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14
Q

what is the scrutellum

A

large cotyledon attached to one side of the embryo axis in poaceae
- absorbative and in contact with endosperm

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15
Q

what is the radicle

A

the root pole at the lower end with sheathing coleorhiza

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16
Q

what is the plumule

A

the shoot end at the upper side with sheathing coleoptile

17
Q

coleorhiza vs coleoptile

A

coleorhiza is at the radicle (root end) and coleoptile is at the plumule (shoot end)

18
Q

what is the aleurone

A

living outermost cell layer of the endosperm

19
Q

how do things like corn become a single seeded fruit

A

the testa fuses with the pericarp

20
Q

what happens to seeds in order for them to enter quiescence

A

the testa hardens, becomes impervious and looses water so the embryo exists in a highly dessicated and anoxic state

21
Q

what is quiescence

A

a state of minimal or basal activity - resting

22
Q

is quiescence the same as dormancy

A

NO!

23
Q

what makes dormancy different from quiescence

A

dormancy involves a very precise combination of factors

24
Q

what is imbibition

A

uptake of water by a seed to cause swelling and rupture of the seed coat

25
Q

what is the role of mucilage

A

plays an important role in germination and seedling establishment

26
Q

what is GA and where is it synthesized

A

gibberellic acid, regulates reserve mobilization, is synthesized in the cotyledon and embryo

27
Q

what is skotomorphogenesis

A

morphogenesis in absence of light - results in etiolated seedlings

28
Q

what is photomorphogenesis

A

morphogenesis in the presence of light - doesn’t result in etiolation

29
Q

why is the hypocotyl bent during morphogenesis

A

to protect the SAM from injury

30
Q

what are phytochromes

A

light responsive pigment proteins which sense the presence, intensity, duration, direction, and quality of light - they play a huge roll in de-etiolation

31
Q

what is cryptochrome

A

absorbs UV and blue parts of the spectrum and affects the process of photosynthesis

32
Q

what is epigeal vs hypogeal

A

epigeous germination: cotyledons are lifted out of the soil as the apical hook becomes straight and epicotyl bearing foliage grows upwards (bean)
hypogea’s germination: cotyledons borne on the hypocotyl remain below the soil while the epicotyl emerge above (pea)

33
Q

what is the difference between monocot and dicot roots

A

monocots have multiple/fibruous roots; dicots have a single tap root with lateral extension

34
Q

what are adventitious meristems

A

non-embryonic, meristems arising in positions other than normal; supportive of vegetative growth and part of the asexual strategy of propagation

35
Q

what is an example of adventitious roots

A

the roots on the branches of ivy, roots on the babies of a spider plant (come off of a shoot)

36
Q

what is an example of adventitious shoots

A

bryophyllum leaves

- an asexual strategy occurring on the notches of the leaves ; shoots lying all around the parent plant on agave plants

BOT*2100 (8 decks)

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