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BOT*2100 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between a vegetative and a generative cell

A

the vegetative cell forms the pollen tube whereas the generative cell forms two or three sperm cells, in the development of pollen

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2
Q

what is the difference between a two-celled and three celled pollen grain

A

two celled pollen grains only have one pollen mitosis, three celled pollen grains have two pollen mitosis

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3
Q

differentiate between microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis

A

microsporogenesis results in microspores (pollen grains); microgameteogenesis is the process in which microspores (pollen grains) divide to form the male gametes

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4
Q

differentiate between megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis

A

megasporogenesis is the process of generating the female megaspore from the megasporocyte; megagametogenesis is the process of forming the female gamete through division of the megaspore

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5
Q

what is coenocyte

A

the free nuclear state of the nuclei in a single megaspore

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6
Q

distinguish between the micropyle and the chalazal ends of the megaspore

A

the micropyle end is the end with the opening and the chalazal end is the opposite

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7
Q

distinguish between the antipodals and synergids and polar nuclei

A

antipodals are at the chalazal ends and the synergids are at the micropyle end with the egg cell. The polar nuclei are just the nucleus and are two in the middle of the megaspore

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8
Q

what is cellularization

A

the process of cell walls forming around the nuclei

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9
Q

what does binucleate refer to

A

the central polar nuclei as a single cell with two nucleuses

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10
Q

what constitutes the megagametophyte or embryo sac

A

the 8 nucleate structure in the ovules after megasporogenesis

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11
Q

what is double fertilization

A

the process in which the generative cell of the pollen tube divides into two to form two male gamete nuclei - then one nuclei fuses with the egg to form the 2n zygote and another nuclei fuses with the polar nuclei to form a 3n endosperm

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12
Q

how does the pollen tube enter into the ovule

A

through the micropyle

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13
Q

how many nuclei does the pollen tube contain and what are they

A

two - generative and vegetative

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14
Q

is double fertilization unique to the angiosperms

A

yes!

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15
Q

what is embryogenesis

A

the process in which a fertilized ovule converts into a multicellular embryo

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16
Q

what is a fertilized ovule called

A

a seed

17
Q

what forms the seed coat

A

the integuments

18
Q

what forms the fruit

A

development of the ovary wall and associated structures

19
Q

where will the seed be hydrated

A

through the micropyle

20
Q

what is the apical vacuolate

A

small, densely cytoplasmic, towards chalazal end

21
Q

what is the basal vacuolate

A

larger vacuolate, towards micropylar end

22
Q

what forms the embryo proper

A

division of the apical cell

23
Q

what forms the suspensor and what is it

A

division of the basal cell (it is considered nutritive)

24
Q

what is the shape of the embryo like

A

heart shaped, globular

25
Q

what is the protoderm

A

skin

26
Q

what is the procambium

A

can continue to divide

27
Q

what are the apical meristems

A

shoot and root apical meristems; where divisions of the embryo become confined to

28
Q

what makes a structure considered an embryo

A

a structure with two poles (SAM and RAM)

29
Q

what is the funicle

A

tube connecting the seed to the mother tissue; maintains connectivity, gives water, gives nutrients

30
Q

how are seeds dispersed

A

through breaking of the connection between the funicle with the mother tissue

31
Q

what is a fruit

A

the mature ovary of single or multiple flowers and sometimes accessory structures; sometimes contains seeds

32
Q

what is parthenocarpic

A

seedless fruits

33
Q

what is a simple fruit

A

single carpel or multiple fused carpels (bean, tomatoes, grapes)

34
Q

what is a multiple fruit

A

multiple fused ovaries of several flowers (pineapple, fig)

35
Q

what is an aggregate fruit

A

severa; seperate carpels/ovaries present in a single flower merge together (strawberry, raspberry)

36
Q

what is an accessory fruit

A

composed of floral parts other than the carpels

37
Q

what is the pericarp

A

fruit wall around the seeds (exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp)

BOT*2100 (8 decks)

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