Lecture 8

Question 1

Name the divisions of the Kingdom Plantae

Answer 1

Division I - Protpphyta
Class  I - Schizophyceae-blue green bacteria
Class II - Schizomycetes - bacteria
Class III - Microtatobiotes - rickettsiae and viruses
Division II - Thallophyte
Subdivision I - Algae
Subdivision II - Fungi
Class I - Myxomycetes
Class II - Phycomycetes
Class III - Ascomycetes 
Class IV- Basidiomycetes
Class V - Fungi Imperfecti
Subdivision III - Lichens 
Division III - Bryophyta
Division IV - Tracheophyta

Question 2

Define a lichen.

Answer 2

A symbiotic association between algae (blue-green bacteria) and mold.

Question 3

Define both mutualistic symbioses and parasitic symbioses.

Answer 3

Mutualistic symbiosis, both partners benefit. Parasitic symbiosis, one partner benefits while the other gains noting or suffers.

Question 4

Enumerate the ten orders of bacteria of the Schizomycetes class.

Answer 4

Order I - Pseudomonadales
Order II - Chlamydobacteriales
Order III - Hyphomicrobiales 
Order IV - Eubacteriales 
Order V - Actinomycetales 
Order VI - Caryophanales
Order VII - Beggiatoales
Order VIII - Myxobacterales
Order IX - Scpirochaetales
Order X - Mycoplasmateles

Question 5

How would you classify Escherichia coli?

Answer 5

Division I, Class III

Question 6

Who invented the two kingdom scheme and in what year?

Answer 6

1753, Linnaeus.

Question 7

Who proposed the three kingdom scheme and in what year?

Answer 7

1866, E.H Haeckel.

Question 8

In what year did Stanier divid the lower protist and the higher protist.

Answer 8

In 1957

Question 9

What do the lower protist consist of?

Answer 9

Lower- procaryotic, the bacteria.

Higher- eucaryotic, fungi, algae and protozoa.

Question 10

What are the two super kingdoms of the five kingdom scheme by Whittaker and Margulis?

Answer 10

Superkingdom - Procaryotae

Superkingdome - Eucaryotae

Question 11

Name the kingdom of the super kingdom of Procaryotae

Answer 11

Monera (bacteria)

Question 12

Name the 4 Kingdoms of the superkingdom Eucaryotae

Answer 12

Plantae
Animalis
Fungi
Protista

Question 13

Name the three branch of the Protista Kingdom.

Answer 13

Protophyta (algae)
Protomycota (slime mold)
Protozoa

Question 14

Describe what slime molds are.

Answer 14

Slime molds carry fungal and protozoan properties. They are non photosynthetic and produce fungal properties.

Question 15

How did Woese classify his domains and by comparing what?

Answer 15

He compared the nucleotides of ribosomal RNA genes (16s rRNA) and determined that organisms should be placed into one of three domains or kingdoms.

Question 16

What are Woese’s three domains?

Answer 16

1- Bacteria
2-Archaea (archaebacteria)
3-Eucarya (eucaryotides)

Question 17

The archaebacteria does not contain what in their cell walls

Answer 17

Peptidoglycan

Question 18

What do archaebacteria contain in their cell wall?

Answer 18

Phospholipides

Question 19

Define what a ether linkage is.

Answer 19

An organic compound containing one oxygen atom to two carbon atoms.

Question 20

In bacteria, there is a bond which fatty acids are bonded to glycerol by which linkage?

Answer 20

Ester

Question 21

In archaebacteria, the fatty acid is joined to the glycerol by what type of bong?

Answer 21

Ether

Question 22

Name the three groups that archaebacteria are divided into.

Answer 22

1-Methanogenes
2-Extreme halophiles
3-Thermoacidophiles

Question 23

What was Bergey’s purpose for publishing the Manual?

Answer 23

To identify bacteria.

Question 24

How many sections does he propose?

Answer 24

33 section based on Gram reaction and morphology.

Question 25

True or false. The section of Bergey’s manual contains a section named Facultatively Anaerobic Gram Positive rods. In this section, he found E. coli.

Answer 25

False, the section was for Gram negative not positive.

Question 26

What are the 4 Division proposed by Bergey

Answer 26

Kingdom Procaryote
Division I Gracilicutes Gram Negative type cell walls
Division II Firmicutes Gram positive type cell walls
Division III Tenericutes Bacteria lacking a cell wall
Division IV Mendosicutes Bacteria having cell walls lacking peptidoglycan (archaebacteria)