Lecture 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Water accounts for how much of a microbial cell?

A

70% of their total weight

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2
Q

What elements account for 95% of the dry weight of the cell?

A

hydrogen, oxygen (from water), carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. 95%

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3
Q

The remaining % of the cell wall require which nutriment?

A

Potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, cobalt, copper, molybdenum and zinc.

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4
Q

What are magnesium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum and zinc considered and why?

A

Tace element due to the fact that they are required in small amounts.

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5
Q

What is required in larger amounts in terms of elements?

A

Potassium, magnesium, calcium and iron.

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6
Q

Where is hydrogen obtained from for which the cell favour?

A

From organic compounds and water.

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7
Q

Where is phosphorus obtained from?

A

Phosphates

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8
Q

What microbes use CO2 as their sole source of cellular carbon?

A

Photosynthetic autotrophs and chemosynthetic autotrophs.

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9
Q

What microbes receive their carbon from organic compounds?

A

Photosynthetic heterotrophs and chemosynthetic heterotrophs.

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10
Q

For what microbes does carbon serve as a dual source of energy, carbon and energy?

A

Chemosynthetic heterotrophs and photosynthetic heterotrophs.

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11
Q

Some microbe only need one source of energy. What does E. coli require only?

A

Glucose.

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12
Q

What do we name microbes that require more that one organic compound to grow? Elaborate.

A

Growth factors. Is any organic compound that a microorganism requires and is essential to their cell material.

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13
Q

Name the three growth factors.

A
  1. Amino acids- they are required as constituents of proteins.
  2. Purines and pyrimidines are required as constituents of nucleic acids.
  3. Vitamins are required for the functions of enzymes.
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14
Q

Name the organic source of nitrogen.

A

Amino acids and proteins

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15
Q

Name inorganic sources of nitrogen.

A

Nitrate, Ammonium, gaseous nitrogen of the air (nitrogen fixation).

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16
Q

Name organic sources of sulfur.

A

Amino acids cysteine and methionine

17
Q

Name inorganic sources of sulfur.

A

Sulfate, sulfide.

18
Q

True of false. Oxygen is a component of all microorganisms? If false, why? if true why?

A

True. Oxygen is a elemental constituent of water- part of all microorganism.

19
Q

True or false. Do all microorganism require molecular oxygen to survive? Elaborate.

A

False. Not all microorganism require O2 to survive.

20
Q

When speaking of molecular oxygen, microorganism can be categorized in what categories? Elaborate for each category.

A

Aerobes- they require O2 to grow.
Anaerobes-they do not require O2 to grow. Some, if exposed to O2 is actually toxic that can kill them. These are named strict anaerobes.
Facultative anaerobes- they can grow in the presence or absence of O2.
Microaerophiles- are considered aerobes, however, grow best in the a concentration of o2 lower than whats found in the air.

21
Q

What category is E.coli? Anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Facultative anaerobic