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Medical Microbiology 1-15 > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Where is the cell membrane situated?

A

Beneath the cell wall

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2
Q

What is another term for the cell membrane?

A

Cytoplasmic membrane

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3
Q

True or false. When using an electron micrograph, the cell membranes appear as a double layer, which is true to form for all cells.

A

True.

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4
Q

How thick is a cell membrane?

A

5-8 nm thick.

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5
Q

Explain the concept of permeases.

A

Permeases is the transport of specific substances across the cell’s membrane.

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6
Q

Define invaginated.

A

Invaginated means to to insert or receive- in this context- the membrane received numerous activities.

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7
Q

True or false. The cell membrane does not have implication in cell division.

A

False.

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8
Q

True or false. The cell membrane consists of a bilayer of phospholipids molecules in which are embedded the proteins.

A

True

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9
Q

True or false. Capsules are thin.

A

False. Capsules are thick and vary in thickness.

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10
Q

Describe the appearance of the capsule.

A

They are thick, viscous, jelly like structures that surround the cells of species.

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11
Q

True or false. Slime lacks form or specific shape.

A

True

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12
Q

What do capsule and slime provide to the cell?

A

Adherence to the cell, protect bacterial cells against dehydration, protection against phagocytosis.

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13
Q

Where does the flagella originate from in the cell?

A

Cytoplasm and protrude from the cell wall (like sperm)é

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14
Q

What is the function of the flagella?

A

They allow bacteria to be motile, they are organelle of locomotion.

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15
Q

Name a few flagella that are not motile.

A

Spirochetes and gliding bateria.

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16
Q

What type of movement does the flagella moves in?

A

Rotating like a propeller-which is why a cell rotate as well.

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17
Q

What type of microscope permits you to visualize a flagella and why is this measure needed.

A

An electron microscope considering that they are not visible though a light microscope due to their small size.

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18
Q

What is the single protein called which forms a flagella?

A

Flagellin.

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19
Q

Name the composition of a eucaryotic flagella.

A

Made of 9 pairs of protein fibres wrapped around 2 two fibres named microtubules. They move in a whiplike fashion.

20
Q

Name the two types of flagella that a bacteria cell may posses and define them with an example of species.

A

Polar flagella- attached at one end of the cell. ex: Pseudomonas, Spirilllus and Vibros.
Peritrichous flagella- attacher at many areas of the cell. ex: enterobacteriaceas such as salmonella, proteus, bacillus and Escherichia.

21
Q

True or false, Fimbriae are smaller than flagellas. Elaborate.

A

True. They are thinner, shorter, straight, and more numerous than flagellas.

22
Q

What is the main function of the fimbriae?

A

They permit bacteria to stick to surfaces.

23
Q

Fimbriae occur on the surface of what type of bacteria?

A

Gram-negative and few Gram-positive.

24
Q

Fimbration is common among with species?

A

The bacteria Enterobacteriaceae.

25
Q

True or false, pili are smaller than fimbriae.

A

False, they are longer and similar in structure.

26
Q

True or false. Pili cover the cell

A

False. Only few pili cover the cell.

27
Q

What is the main function of the pili?

A

They are responsible for the mating process named conjugation of the cells.

28
Q

True or false. Bacterial viruses attach to the bacterial cell by attaching to the pilus.

A

True.

29
Q

Name the three materials enclosed in the cell membrane.

A

1-The nucleic which is DNA
2-Cytoplasmic area which is rich in RNA
3-Fluid which is rich in nutriments

30
Q

Explain the composition of RNA.

A

RNA is a mix of protein known as ribosomes which are packed through the cytoplasmic.

31
Q

Ribosomes is the site of which synthesis?

A

Ribosomes is the site of protein synthesis.

32
Q

In addition, what four types of granules do some bacteria posses?

A

1-Polysaccharide granules
2-Poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid granules
3-Volutin granules
4-Sulfur granules

33
Q

Which two types of granules provide intracellular sure of carbon or energy?

A

Polysaccharides granules and Poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid granules. Organic materials.

34
Q

What are polysaccharide granules also named?

A

Glycogen granules

35
Q

What are volition granules also names? And what do they reserve?

A

Metachromatic granules. Inorganic phosphate.

36
Q

What does the term spore signify?

A

That the spore is formed within the cell.

37
Q

Describe what the spores body is resistant to.

A

Heat, desiccation, toxic chemicals and electromagnetic radiation.

38
Q

What type of shape are the spores?

A

They are spherical and ellipsoidal.

39
Q

What causes the cell to swell when we are referring to the spore.

A

the spore is larger in diameter than the cell’s diameter causing the cell to swell.

40
Q

What three positions do the spores adopt in the cell?

A

1-Central (center)
2-Subterminal (more to the right)
3-Terminal (elongated and to the far right)

41
Q

Name the eight genera of endospore- forming bacteria.

A 
1-Bacillius - anaerobic rods
2-Clostridium- anaerobic rods
3-Sporolactobacillus
4-Sporosarcina
5-Desulfotomaculum
6-Sporomusa
7-Sporohalobacter
8-Anaerobacter
42
Q

Describe the life cycle of an endospore.

A

Vegetative cell- endospore-spore-vegetative cell.

43
Q

What temperature are endospores killed at and with what instrument?

A

Autoclave at 121 degrees celsius.

44
Q

True or false. Endospores are very visible using a bright field microscope.

A

True.

45
Q

True or false. Spore is not resistant to staining due to the impermeability of the outer layer.

A

False. The spore is quite resistant to staining.

46
Q

What is not necessarily a characteristic of bacterial endospores?

A

Causes swelling of the vegetative cell

Medical Microbiology 1-15 (15 decks)

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