Lecture 8

Question 1

Advantages of administering drugs through the nasal cavity.

Answer 1

Offers a non-invasive route with rapid absorption and rapid onset of action of API. Also permits direct pathways to the central nervous system, which bypasses the blood–brain
barrier

Question 2

What are the primary regions of the nasal passages?

Answer 2

The vestibule, respiratory region, and olfactory region.

Question 3

What type of molecules can easily pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

Answer 3

Small, lipid-soluble molecules. Most API’s cannot cross effectively.

Question 4

What is the blood brain barrier?

Answer 4

Protective mechanism that regulates what substances can enter the brain from the bloodstream.

Question 5

What are permeation enhancers and give examples.

Answer 5

Permeation enhancers improve absorption by temporarily disrupting the nasal epithelium. Examples include phospholipids and bile salts.

Question 6

What is the role of mucoadhesive agents in nasal drug delivery?

Answer 6

They increase residence time by adhering to the nasal mucosa.

Question 7

What are the advantages of nasal drug delivery?

Answer 7

Quick absorption, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, rapid onset of action, non-invasiveness, and high patient compliance.

Question 8

What are the disadvantages of nasal drug delivery?

Answer 8

Not always effective, limited volume capacity and enzymatic degredation.

Question 9

What are the three main types of inhalation devices used in pulmonary drug delivery?

Answer 9

Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), and nebulizers.

Question 10

What is the optimal particle size for pulmonary drug delivery?

Answer 10

1-5 µm

Question 11

What is the role of nebulizers in pulmonary drug delivery?

Answer 11

They deliver liquid solutions or suspensions directly to the respiratory tract, enabling rapid onset of action and reduced side effects.