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Pharmaceutics > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Ways to measure particle size

A

Microscopy, sieving or screening.

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2
Q

Why is weighing crucial in drug formulation?

A

Weighing ensures accurate dosage and product quality.

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3
Q

What factors affect mixing in drug formulation?

A

Mixer design, static charges, and the three mechanisms of mixing.

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4
Q

Topical administration use and benefits.

A

Topical administration is used for local effects on the skin or mucous membranes. It can avoid first-pass metabolism and provide sustained drug delivery

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5
Q

List the 4 types of mixers mentioned in drug formulation.

A

Fixed shell mixers, rotating shell mixers, solid-liquid mixers, and liquid-liquid mixers.

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6
Q

What factors influence the milling process?

A

Moisture content, heat, product specifications, capacity, versatility, and safety features.

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7
Q

What are the techniques used in milling

A

Temperature control, pre-treatment, subsequent treatment, and dual processes.

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8
Q

What factors influence the drying rate?

A

Air temperature, humidity, and drying duration.

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9
Q

Provide examples of excipients used in drug formulation.

A

Fillers, binders, anti-adherents, lubricants, glidants, disintegrants, coatings, colors, sorbents, preservatives, flavors, and sweeteners.

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10
Q

Give examples of excipients and their functions in tablet formulation.

A

Binders (for cohesion), disintegrants (for breakdown), lubricants (to prevent sticking), and colourants (for appearance).

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11
Q

What factors affect the flow properties of a powder blend in tablet manufacturing?

A

Particle size, shape, surface texture, density, moisture content, vibration, and aeration.

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12
Q

How do cohesive forces like van der Waals forces influence powder flowability?

A

They can hinder the flow of powders by causing particles to stick together.

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13
Q

What techniques can improve powder flowability?

A

Altering particle size distribution, using spherical particles, spray drying, and adding excipients like glidants to reduce moisture and static charges.

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14
Q

What is granulation, and why is it important in tablet manufacturing?

A

Granulation is the process of forming granules to improve flowability, compressibility, and uniformity of the powder blend.

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15
Q

What are the two primary methods of granulation

A

Dry granulation and wet granulation.

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16
Q

What is dry granulation, and when is it used?

A

Dry granulation uses mechanical force to create granules, suitable for APIs sensitive to moisture or heat.

17
Q

What is wet granulation, and how does it work?

A

Wet granulation uses a liquid binder to bind particles, followed by drying and milling.

18
Q

What types of tablet presses are used in manufacturing?

A

Single station presses and multi-station rotary presses.

19
Q

Why are tablets coated?

A

To mask taste or odor, extend shelf life, and control the release of the API.

20
Q

What is the purpose of enteric coatings?

A

To protect acid-sensitive drugs, allowing them to dissolve in the intestine rather than the stomach.

21
Q

What are the different types of coated tablets?

A

Sugar-coated, film-coated, enteric-coated, and controlled-release tablets.

22
Q

What are some common tablet defects, and how are they addressed?

A

Defects can include cracking, chipping, and sticking, which are addressed by optimising formulation and manufacturing processes.

23
Q

Compression

A

reduction of volume of the powder

24
Q

2 methods used for dry granulation.

A

Slugging and rolling

25
Q

Slugging

A

API mixed with excipients are compressed to form a large tablet. Then milled and screened to produce granules.

26
Q

Rolling

A

Powder is formed into a cake by squeezing between the rolls. Then milled and screened to produce granules.

27
Q

Binders examples

A

lactose, cellulose, corn/maize starch

28
Q

Disintegrants examples

A

Crospovidone

29
Q

Antioxidants examples

A

Ascorbic acid, EDTA

30
Q

Preservative examples

A

Benzoic acid, methyl, propyl, benzyl

31
Q

Buffering agent example

A

Sodium citrate

32
Q

Lubricant examples

A

Calcium stearate, veg oil

33
Q

Colourants examples

A

Titanium Oxide, Carotene

34
Q

Benefits to coating tablets.

A

Improve unpleasant taste, smoother finish is easier to swollow, extend shelf life.

35
Q

Enteric coating

A

Resistant to acidic pH

36
Q

2 types of coating machines

A

coating pans and automatic coaters

37
Q

What are controlled release tablets?

A

Allow slow release of API

Pharmaceutics (10 decks)

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