Lecture 5 Flashcards
What is a solution in pharmaceutical terms?
A solution is a homogenous mixture of two or more components, dissolved in a solvent.
Name two examples of pharmaceutical solutions.
Oral solutions like syrups and parenteral solutions such as injectables and intravenous infusions.
List two advantages of solutions.
- Ease of administration 2. Faster and more efficient absorption of the API.
What are disadvantages of solutions?
Less stable than solid dosage forms, shorter shelf life, harder to transport.
What additives can enhance the solubility of APIs in solutions?
Surfactants like polysorbates and sodium lauryl sulfate.
Define a suspension in pharmaceutical terms.
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of an insoluble solid dispersed in a liquid. (sand in water - settles to bottom)
What is the difference between flocculated and deflocculated suspensions?
floculated suspensions have aggregated particles that settle rapidly, while deflocculated suspensions have discrete particles that settle slowly.
Name a viscosity enhancer used in suspensions.
Glycerol or carbomer. Xanthum gum
What is the main characteristic of parenteral solutions?
They are sterile solutions intended for injection or infusion into the body
Name one sterilization method for parenteral solutions.
Autoclaving or filtration.
What types of vehicles can be used in parenteral formulations?
Aqueous vehicles, non-aqueous vehicles like oils, and mixed vehicles.
What is the purpose of tonicity adjustment agents in parenterals?
To ensure the solution is isotonic with body fluids.
What are common packaging forms for parenteral products?
Single-dose ampoules and multi-dose vials with self-sealing closures
Lipophilic API’s (unionized)
Lipid soluble and diffuses easily across cell membrane
Hydrophilic API’s
Low lipid solubility but high water
solubility. Cannot penetrate cell membrane easily
