Lecture 8 Flashcards
Maternal energy needs during lactation
Energy needs during lactation
Total energy cost of lactation derived from energy content of milk plus the energy required to produce it
Estimated energy requirements of lactation
0-6 months postpartum:
2000 kJ above NPNL
Estimated energy requirements of lactation
>6 months postpartum
1680 kJ above NPNL
Breastfeeding and weight loss: Studies suggest that in the first 3 months postpartum
the rate of weight loss is similar in lactating and non lactating women
Breastfeeding and weight loss:
Several studies have reported that women who lactate
longer and more intensively lose weight more rapidly between 3 and 6 months postpartum than women who exclusively bottle-feed or those who lactate less fully or for a shorter duration
Exclusive breastfeeding
Before 2001 recommendation:
Recommended EBF for 4-6months
Exclusive breastfeeding
After 2001 recommendation:
Recommend EBF for the first 6 months
The review concluded that infants EBF to 6 months experienced
less morbidity from gastrointestinal infection but there were no differences in growth between EBF periods
Recommended after 6 moths of EBF
Thereafter, infants should receive complementary foods with continued breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or beyond
Ozfits vs first foods ????
First foods is better for initiated breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, any breastmilk (5-6mo) and any breastmilk (10-11mo)
breastfeeding practices
vary widely across regions some regions face greater challenges than others
Human infants and young chilren are most likely to ……….. when breastfed
Most likely to survive, grow and develop to their full potential when breastfed
When the increase of fluids anything other than breastmilk then the more percent chance
there is going to be problems with breastfeeding
Exclusive breastfeeding means
That from birth the babu receives only breast milk (from the breast or expressed) and prescribed medicines, where necessary.
Partial breastfeeding means
That the baby receives some breast milk (from the breast or expressed) and some infant formula or other solid food
Benefits of breastfeeding for the baby:
Reductions in infant morbidity and mortality
- Protects against gastrointestinal infections
-Protects against respiratory illnesses
-Reduced otitis media infections
-Reduced risk of SUDI
Benefits of breastfeeding for the baby:
Reductions in chronic disease
-Allergic disease
-Type 2 diabetes
-Obesity in childhood
Increased cognitive function
Benefits of breastfeeding for the mother
Protects mothers health
- Helps reduces risk of uterine bleeding and helps the uterus to return to its previous size
-reduces risk of breast and ovarian cancer
-Reduced risk of postpartum depression
Helps delay a new pregnancy
Helps a mother return to pre-pregnancy weight more rapidly
So why are EBF rates low then
- Marketing of breast milk substitutes
- Lack of workplace support
- Lack of attendance or availability to antenatal care
-lack of accessible lactation/breastfeeding support
-societal or cultural beliefs
Globally what is the percentage of EBF infants ages 0-6 months
48%
what is the global target by 2030 with EBF
Increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months up to at least 70%
services to support breastfeeding
Plunket- breastfeeding has been on the top 4 of most frequently asked questions
National -La Leche League
-established in 1964
-Currently 140 Leaders and 50 groups
International Baby friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI)
BFHI launched in 1993 established by UNICEF and the world health Organisation to ensure that all maternities, whether free standing or in a hospital, become centres of breastfeeding support
A maternity facility can be designated ‘baby friendly’ when
it does not accept free or low cost breast milk substitutes, feeding bottles or treats, and has implemented 10 specific steps to support successful BF
The Ten steps to successful BF
(first 5)
1- Have a written BF policy that is routinely communicated to all health care staff
2- train all health care staff in skills necessary to implement this policy
3-Inform all pregnant women about the benefits and management of BF
4-Help mothers initiate BF within a half-hour of birth
5-Show mothers how BF, and how to maintain lactation even if they should be separated from their infants
The Ten steps to successful BF
(second 5)
6- Give newborn infants no food or drink other than breastmilk, unless medically indicated
7-Practice rooming in allow mothers and infants to remain together 24h a day
8-Encourage breastfeeding on demand
9-Give no artificial teats or pacifiers to BF infants
10-Foster the establishment of breastfeeding support groups and refer mothers to them on discharge from the hospital or clinic
Definition of a baby Friendly Hospital
A health car facility where the practitioners who provide care for women and babies adopt practices that aim to protect, promote and support exclusive breastfeeding from birth
Purpose of BFHI is
1- To actively protecy, promote, encourage and support breastfeeding through education of health care workers in maternity and neonatal services
2-To accredit hospitals that demonstrate that they meet the WHO/UNICEF criteria as a baby friendly hospital
International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes
who was the founder and when?
-Organised by Dr Manuel Carballo and established in 1981 by the general assembly of the WHO
International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes
Meaning…
Restrict the marketing of breast milk substitutes, such as infant formula, to ensure that mothers are not discouraged from breast-feeding and that substitutes are used safely if needed
International code has …… key points
??????
10 key points
Breastfeeding and alcohol consumption
Breastfeeding women should avoid drinking alcohol as there is no safe amount of alcohol that breastfeeding women can drink. A babys developing brain is more sensitive to damage from alcohol than an adults brain is. Alcohol crosses easily into breast milk and passes through the breast milk to the baby
