Lecture 23-Adults body weight and obesity Flashcards
Adults body weight and obesity
Cancer: Carcinogenic diet
- low fruits and vegetables
- low antioxidants
- low fibre
- high fat intake
- alcohol
Heart disease: atherogenic diet
- high saturated fat intake
- high tans fatty acids
- low fruits and vegetables
- low antioxidants
- low fibre
Obesity: Obesogenic diet
- high energy intake
- high fat intake
- high sugar sweetened beverages
- high fast foods
The two diets that put you at risk of diabetes
atherogenic diet and obesogenic diet
Body weight statement
-Making good choices about what you eat and drink and being physcially active are important to achieve and maintain body weight
-When you are pregnant, take to your midwife or doctor about the right amount of weight to gain during pregnancy
what are the reasons to support the body weight statement from the ministry of health
those of healthy weight are more likely to stay active
lower risk of developing T2DM, heart disease, cancer, osteoarthritis, sleep apnoea, fertility problems, stroke
excess body weight is associated with…
insulin resistance, altered glucose metabolism, hyperlipidema, hypertension, hormone imbalance, and pressure on joints
what is the equation for BMI
weight in kg / height in metres ^2
what is underweight BMI in adults
<18.5
what is normal weight BMI in adults
18.5 - 24.9
what is overweight BMI in adults (pre obesity)
25.0 - 29.9
what is obesity class 1 in adults (moderate)
30 - 34.9
what is obesity class 2 in adults (severe)
35.0 - 39.9
what is obesity class 3 in adults (very severe)
40 >
are BMI cut offs the same in all countries
no, some countries for example Asia have different cut offs for what they consider obese etc
what are the strengths of BMI
- easy to use
- non invasive
- standardised cut off points for classifying underweight, overweight and obesity
- strongly correlated with body fat levels (using DEXA or MRI) : BMI doesn’t directly measure tho
- an accurate predictor of morbidity and mortality associated with obesity
what are the limitations to BMI
- is a measure of excess weight rather than excess fat
- does not provide proportions of fat and fat free mass
- poor indication of fat distribution and central adiposity
- age, sex, ethnicity and lean mass influence the relationship between BMI and body fat which are not accounted for in the BMI calcualtion
what is the prevalence of obesity among NZ adults
32.5%
of adults, which subgroup (age) has the highest prevalence of obesity
55-64 (over 40% in this subgroup)
what is the prevalence of overweight and obesity among NZ adults
65.5%
Prevalence of obesity in NZ adults (gap in the data)
This is because of covid
weight and BMI gradually increase during adult life, they peak around and decline after
peak between 50-59 years
decline after the age of 60
what are the main functions of adipose tissue
contributes to thermal insulation
fills space between structures / protects
largest repository of energy in the body
production of cytokines
what is meant by adipose tissue fills space between structures / protects
between organs
aids fit of heart valves
pads on heels and palms
triglycerides provide what amount of energy
37kJ/g
what cytokines are produced by adipose tissue
- cell signalling proteins
- anti or pro-inflammatory
- adiponectin : involved in regulation of glucose levels ad fatty acid breakdown
- leptin production
why is adipose tissue linked to inflammation
produces pro-inflammatory molecules, so can increase inflammation and lead to increased risk of chronic disease
we can reduce weight bias in the management of obesity by assessing ….
assess you own attitudes and beliefs regarding obesity and consider how they might impact on how you practice nutrition
we can reduce weight bias in the management of obesity by recognising that ….
internalised weight bias (bias towards one self) can effect behaviour and health outcomes
we can reduce weight bias in the management of obesity by avoiding using ….
judgemental words, images, and practices when working with individuals living with obesity
we can reduce weight bias in the management of obesity by avoiding making ….
assumptions that an illness or complaint a patient presents with is related to their body weight
weight bias is everywhere
Media, entertainment, healthcare, education
Use of language may help to eradicate weight bias
saying someone has diabetes instead of saying they are diabetic
saying with hypertension rather than hypertensive person
What does the Edmonton obesity staging system do
Moves away from using the BMI cutoffs
literature has a heavy focus on interventions for “weight loss”, however there is a recent shift away from this towards a more what approach
focus on healthy habits and quality of life not weight loss
WHO acceleration plan to stop obesity (Different aspects to work on)
-Achieve impacts at country level
- Prioritise interventions
-Identify and agree on solutions
-Communicate and engage
-Implement, track progress and adjust
-Sustain change and expand
WHO acceleration plan to stop obesity
international intervention, including many countries that each country choses an aspect that they can work on to improve the rates of obesity in their country
