Lecture 23-Adults body weight and obesity

Question 1

Cancer: Carcinogenic diet

Answer 1

• low fruits and vegetables
• low antioxidants
• low fibre
• high fat intake
• alcohol

Question 2

Heart disease: atherogenic diet

Answer 2

• high saturated fat intake
• high tans fatty acids
• low fruits and vegetables
• low antioxidants
• low fibre

Question 3

Obesity: Obesogenic diet

Answer 3

• high energy intake
• high fat intake
• high sugar sweetened beverages
• high fast foods

Question 4

The two diets that put you at risk of diabetes

Answer 4

atherogenic diet and obesogenic diet

Question 5

Body weight statement

Answer 5

-Making good choices about what you eat and drink and being physcially active are important to achieve and maintain body weight

-When you are pregnant, take to your midwife or doctor about the right amount of weight to gain during pregnancy

Question 6

what are the reasons to support the body weight statement from the ministry of health

Answer 6

those of healthy weight are more likely to stay active

lower risk of developing T2DM, heart disease, cancer, osteoarthritis, sleep apnoea, fertility problems, stroke

Question 7

excess body weight is associated with…

Answer 7

insulin resistance, altered glucose metabolism, hyperlipidema, hypertension, hormone imbalance, and pressure on joints

Question 8

what is the equation for BMI

Answer 8

weight in kg / height in metres ^2

Question 9

what is underweight BMI in adults

Answer 9

<18.5

Question 10

what is normal weight BMI in adults

Answer 10

18.5 - 24.9

Question 11

what is overweight BMI in adults (pre obesity)

Answer 11

25.0 - 29.9

Question 12

what is obesity class 1 in adults (moderate)

Answer 12

30 - 34.9

Question 13

what is obesity class 2 in adults (severe)

Answer 13

35.0 - 39.9

Question 14

what is obesity class 3 in adults (very severe)

Answer 14

40 >

Question 15

are BMI cut offs the same in all countries

Answer 15

no, some countries for example Asia have different cut offs for what they consider obese etc

Question 16

what are the strengths of BMI

Answer 16

• easy to use
• non invasive
• standardised cut off points for classifying underweight, overweight and obesity
• strongly correlated with body fat levels (using DEXA or MRI) : BMI doesn’t directly measure tho
• an accurate predictor of morbidity and mortality associated with obesity

Question 17

what are the limitations to BMI

Answer 17

• is a measure of excess weight rather than excess fat
• does not provide proportions of fat and fat free mass
• poor indication of fat distribution and central adiposity
• age, sex, ethnicity and lean mass influence the relationship between BMI and body fat which are not accounted for in the BMI calcualtion

Question 18

what is the prevalence of obesity among NZ adults

Answer 18

32.5%

Question 19

of adults, which subgroup (age) has the highest prevalence of obesity

Answer 19

55-64 (over 40% in this subgroup)

Question 20

what is the prevalence of overweight and obesity among NZ adults

Answer 20

65.5%

Question 21

Prevalence of obesity in NZ adults (gap in the data)

Answer 21

This is because of covid

Question 22

weight and BMI gradually increase during adult life, they peak around and decline after

Answer 22

peak between 50-59 years

decline after the age of 60

Question 23

what are the main functions of adipose tissue

Answer 23

contributes to thermal insulation

fills space between structures / protects

largest repository of energy in the body

production of cytokines

Question 24

what is meant by adipose tissue fills space between structures / protects

Answer 24

between organs

aids fit of heart valves

pads on heels and palms

Question 25

triglycerides provide what amount of energy

Answer 25

37kJ/g

Question 26

what cytokines are produced by adipose tissue

Answer 26

• cell signalling proteins
• anti or pro-inflammatory
• adiponectin : involved in regulation of glucose levels ad fatty acid breakdown
• leptin production

Question 27

why is adipose tissue linked to inflammation

Answer 27

produces pro-inflammatory molecules, so can increase inflammation and lead to increased risk of chronic disease

Question 28

we can reduce weight bias in the management of obesity by assessing ….

Answer 28

assess you own attitudes and beliefs regarding obesity and consider how they might impact on how you practice nutrition

Question 29

we can reduce weight bias in the management of obesity by recognising that ….

Answer 29

internalised weight bias (bias towards one self) can effect behaviour and health outcomes

Question 30

we can reduce weight bias in the management of obesity by avoiding using ….

Answer 30

judgemental words, images, and practices when working with individuals living with obesity

Question 31

we can reduce weight bias in the management of obesity by avoiding making ….

Answer 31

assumptions that an illness or complaint a patient presents with is related to their body weight

Question 32

weight bias is everywhere

Answer 32

Media, entertainment, healthcare, education

Question 33

Use of language may help to eradicate weight bias

Answer 33

saying someone has diabetes instead of saying they are diabetic

saying with hypertension rather than hypertensive person

Question 34

What does the Edmonton obesity staging system do

Answer 34

Moves away from using the BMI cutoffs

Question 35

literature has a heavy focus on interventions for “weight loss”, however there is a recent shift away from this towards a more what approach

Answer 35

focus on healthy habits and quality of life not weight loss

Question 36

WHO acceleration plan to stop obesity (Different aspects to work on)

Answer 36

-Achieve impacts at country level
- Prioritise interventions
-Identify and agree on solutions
-Communicate and engage
-Implement, track progress and adjust
-Sustain change and expand

Question 37

WHO acceleration plan to stop obesity

Answer 37

international intervention, including many countries that each country choses an aspect that they can work on to improve the rates of obesity in their country