Lecture 20-Adult nutrition

Question 1

adulthood spans from

Answer 1

early 20s to early 60s

Question 2

Early adulthood

Answer 2

20s-30s

becoming independent, leaving home, employment / career, choosing a partner, having children

Question 3

Midlife age

Answer 3

40s

family responsibilities , work, managing schedules, awareness of ones mortality

Question 4

Sandwich generation

Answer 4

50s

multigenerational care (children and ageing parents), maintaining career, possible health issues or prevention of them

Question 5

what is later adulthood

Answer 5

early 60s

transition to retirement, more leisure and physical activity time

Question 6

Inadequate and excessive levels of nutrition will

Answer 6

Impact health over time

Question 7

A healthy dietary pattern can

Answer 7

Promote health and reduce the risk of chronic disease

Question 8

malnutrition can result from

Answer 8

genetic factors, disease states as well as poor diet

Question 9

what are the hormonal changes that happen to females in adulthood

Answer 9

climacteric changes (end of reproduction (around~50 Y opr earlier or later)
perimenopause > menopause

Question 10

what are the hormonal changes that happen to males in adulthood

Answer 10

testosterone levels and muscle mass will decline after the age of 30

Question 11

what is perimenopause

Answer 11

the transitional phase between normal menstruation and menopause

Question 12

perimenopause is characterised by

Answer 12

differences in cycle length, hormonal fluctuations (decline in estrogen)

Question 13

Is perimenopuase hard or easy to assess

Answer 13

Hard

Question 14

what are the symptoms of perimenopause

Answer 14

• hot flushes
• mood disturbance
• menstrual cycle disturbance (heavy bleeding)
• fatigue

Question 15

Perimenopause- importance: Risk factors for chronic disease changes

Answer 15

• accelerated bone loss
• increase in abdominal fat (central adiposity)
• changes in lipid profile
• altered glucose metabolism
• increased risk of CVD

Question 16

Treatment for perimenopuase

Answer 16

focus on prevention of chronic disease risks

offer individualised lifestyle recommendations

• prevent bone loss : intake of calcium, vit D status, supplemention??
• prevent excess weight, altered lipds, risk of CVD : through healthy eating and activity

Question 17

what is menopause

Answer 17

when a women stops having periods, the ovaries stop functioning and run out of eggs

Question 18

sometimes menopause can occur for other reasons, what are they

Answer 18

urgical reasons, chemotherapy or radiotherapy to the pelvis

Question 19

women might experience menopause early if they ..

Answer 19

live at high altitudes, are a smoker or have had a hysterectomy

Question 20

what is responsible for most menopausal symptoms

Answer 20

drop in estrogen

Question 21

some women have menopausal symptoms that last for

Answer 21

5-10 years

Question 22

Bone composition changes with menopuase

Answer 22

• around 40 years bone mass will decline
• risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis will depend on peak bone mass achieve by late 20s

Question 23

Body composition changes to adiposity in adulthood

Answer 23

positive energy balance typical in adulthood

Question 24

what are the changes that happen to fat in adulthood

Answer 24

increased visceral fat (deep in intra-abdominal space)

increased ectopic fat (accumulates in organs - liver, heart, pancreas, muscles)

Question 25

what proportion of kiwis are consuming the recommended amount of vegetables

Answer 25

11%

Question 26

what proportion of kiwis are consuming the recommended amount of fruit per day

Answer 26

44.9%

Question 27

what proportion of kiwis are consuming the recommended amount of both vegetables and fruit per day

Answer 27

6.7%

Question 28

what % of adults drink alcohol

Answer 28

~80%

Question 29

what % of New Zealand Adults drink hazardously

Answer 29

~20%

Question 30

how is hazardous drinking measured and what is considered hazardous drinking

Answer 30

using a 10 question Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT someone who drank six or more drinks on one occasion, twice a week

Question 31

hazardous drinking is highest among what gender and what is the prevalence

Answer 31

22% men and 10% women

Question 32

hazardous drinking is highest among what age groups

Answer 32

highest prevalence 18-24 and 25-34 year olds slight peak again 45-54 year olds

Question 33

Alcohol Guidline

Answer 33

there is no safe level of alcohol intake, if you choose to drink keep your intake low

Question 34

o reduce long term health risks, women should consume (alcohol)

Answer 34

no more than 2 std drinks a day, no more than 10 standard drinks each week

Question 35

to reduce long term health risks, men should consume (alcohol)

Answer 35

no more than 3 std drinks a day, no more than 15 std drinks each week

Question 36

to reduce long term health risks, men and women should (alcohol)

Answer 36

have at least 2 alcohol free days every week

Question 37

alcohol use is a risk factor for …. and linked to

Answer 37

cancer linked to the most prevalent types of cancers (e.g bowel, breast)

Question 38

what in terms of alcohol is the best for cancer prevention

Answer 38

abstinence

Question 39

of the cancer deaths caused by alcohol, what is the most common

Answer 39

st cancer is most common

Question 40

one in every .... deaths from cancer in NZ are due to alcohol use (for persons <80 years)

Answer 40

25 deaths

Question 41

more than how many breast cancer deaths from alcohol were due to an average consumption of less than 2 std drinks per day

Answer 41

more than 1/3

Question 42

an estimated how many breast cancer deaths in 2016 were due to drinking alcohol

Answer 42

65 deaths

Question 43

gastro oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)

Answer 43

is the most common gastrointestinal diagnosis amongst adults in the community

Question 44

who are those at highest risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux

Answer 44

pregnant women smokers -adults with high alcohol intake overweight adults (35-64 year olds)

Question 45

what are the symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Answer 45

- acid regurgitation / reflex - heart burn - bad breath - bloating and belching - nausea - pain when swallowing - sore throat / cough

Question 46

what is the treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease for mild symptoms :

Answer 46

lifestyle changes - smaller meals, more frequent - avoid triggers foods (usually - high fat, spicy, stimulants - caffeine, alcohol) - raising head of bed - maintain healthy weight - smoking cessation

Question 47

what is the treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease for severe symptoms

Answer 47

medicine or surgery

Question 48

what is said about supplement use in adults

Answer 48

intended to supplement the diet only, foods first apporach

Question 49

Deficiencies are unlikely

Answer 49

In healthy individuals that eat a balanced diet including foods from all food groups

Question 50

in 2008/2009 what % of NZ adults were taking some form of supplement

Answer 50

48%

Question 51

globally the dietary supplement industry is worth … and has an expected annual growth rate of ….. from 2022-2030

Answer 51

> 150 billion 8.9%

Question 52

the domestic supplement market is regulated differently from

Answer 52

food (FSANZ) regulated by Medsafe

Question 53

what is the issue with importing supplements

Answer 53

high risk of supplement contamination

Question 54

what are possible contaminations of supplements

Answer 54

- glass shards, bacteria, doping substances - pre cursor to methamphetamine, steroids - dose : invalid claims

Question 55

health professionals need to be aware of stacking….

Answer 55

supplements people can be consuming heaps of supplements with crossing over nutrients : therefore above the UL for some

Question 56

what supplement group was used the most by NZ adults

Answer 56

oils (fish and plant)

Question 57

regular use of supplements was more frequent among what age group of NZ adults

Answer 57

older NZ adults